Parentage and Forensics

Question 1

how are populations genetics used for parentage

Answer 1

differences in gene frequencies are also used in domestic animals for parentage verification

Question 2

what is parentage verification?

Answer 2

genetic tests used to substantiate the accuracy of the breeders word as to the parentage of an animal
accuracy improves:
- with number of markers tested
with number of multiple allele markers
with rarity of genotype

Question 3

what are the characteristics of gene markers

Answer 3

1. heritable
2. present throuout lifetime
3. simple lab method (cheap)
4. polymorphic (>1 allele , the more the better)

Question 4

why are DNA markers used in a non coding sequence?

Answer 4

introns and non coding DNA more polymorphic than exons
DNA sources include semen, embryos, blood, milk, hair roots

Question 5

Do you identify the dam parentage?

Answer 5

no, generally assume the dam is the dam
look for alleles in offspring not present in dam to determine the sire
dogs, cats sheep and goats can all have more than one sire for a single litter

Question 5

what other purposes do DNA hold

Answer 5

breed identity, breed composition, forensic work

Question 5

What are dog breed bylaws

Answer 5

some local governments say that local breeds of dogs or crosses cannot be owned
some accept a statement of breed composition from a vet
some require DNA TESTING

Question 6

what is the name of the test for proof of Angus ancestors for certified beef

Answer 6

Angusure

Question 6

what are forensics used for

Answer 6

crime investigation
rustling
poaching (comparing meat to a kill site)

Question 7

what is an excellent source of ancient DNA?

Answer 7

teeth - from long dead specimen
tooth pulp is protected by enamel
drill out core of tooth and extract DNA
mitochondrial dna is often used for forensics because of hundreds of copies per cell
only small stretches of dna survive over time