Reproductive technologies

Question 1

what is artificial insemination and who uses it

Answer 1

used commonly to bred without a male present
cattle - 95% of dairy cattle, used commonly in beef cattle
swine - used to a limited extent - mainly to control dosease (fresh)
turkeys - all bred by AI
horses - used by some breed, severe restrictions typical - collected and used within hours
dogs - limited use mostly for problem matings

Question 2

what is embryo transfer

Answer 2

lots of progeny for one female - collect her embryos and distribute into other cows
superovulate donor cow
inseminate
collect embryos
transfer to recipient cows

Question 3

what are ET calves

Answer 3

embryo transfer calves are simply full siblings
quality of recipient matters

Question 4

what are ET foals

Answer 4

et foals from calgary stampedes bucking horses
more top name mares went through it becasue of the sucess

Question 5

how do you sex embryos

Answer 5

cut portion off and use PCR with Y specific primers to sex ‘damaged embryos do not freeze well = transfer fresh

Question 6

how do you sex semen

Answer 6

dorting sperm by X or Y
flow ctometry
50:50 to 90:10
now on sale at A.I companies

Question 7

what is cloning?

Answer 7

embryo manipulation
slitting - blastomeres
sectioning - morula or blastocysts
nuclear trasnfer - blastomere, embryonic stem cell, fibroblast cell

Question 8

how are embryos sectioned

Answer 8

cut in half often survuve
quartered rarely survive
true clone of each other

Question 9

what are the steps in nuclear transplantation

Answer 9

enucleate oocyte
donor cell is diploid (blatomere, ESC, somatic)
fuse
transfer to surrogate

Question 10

what is nuclear transplantation

Answer 10

clone using fetal cells - differentiated but embryonic