Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Haematology > Transfusions* > Flashcards

Transfusions* Flashcards

1
Q

blood components

A

red cells
platelets
fresh frozen plasma
cryoprecipitate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

blood products

A 
human albumin
IV immunoglobulin 
human normal immunoglobulin 
specific immunoglobulins (tetanus, Hep B, varicella, rabies)
Anti D immunoglobulin 
prothrombin complex concentrates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

blood donors have to be what

A 
volunteers
healthy 
able to spare 465ml of blood 
min weight 50k
Hb 13.5 g/dl males and 12.5 for females
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

safety of raw material

A

exclude infective risk
exclude risk of transmitting disease - malign, neurological disease
donor is encourages to contact if become unwell within 2 weeks of donating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the donor blood tested for

A 
HIV 1 and 2 AB and PCR
HCV AB and PCR
HBV AG and PCR
syphilis AB
HTLC1 and 2 AB
HEV PCR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

processing the blood

A

bleed the donor

centrifuge the bag of blood and anticoagulant

express components - plasma at in the top bag and red cells into the bottom

the red cells fun through a filter - leucodepleted red cells in optimal additive solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

temp storage of red cells
shelf life of red cells
removal timing

A

4 degrees +/-2
shelf life 35 days
if removed from controlled storage for more than 30 mins must be transfused or discarded
must be transfused within 4 hours of leaving controlled storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

platelets stored at
shelf life
transfuse timing

A

22 degrees with continual agitation
shelf life 7 days if bacterial monitoring is applied
transfuse within 1 hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

fresh frozen plasma stored at
shelf life
transfusion timing

A

stored at -30 degrees for up to 3 years

thawed prior to transfusion 40 min to thaw and transfuse within 4 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

antigens and group A
B
AB
O

A

carry the A antigen
B antigen
A and B antigen
dont carry a A or B antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

population frequency of A
B
AB
O

A

A 42%
B 8%
AB 3%
O 47%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

inheritance of ABO groups which chromosome
O gene
A and B

A

9
O gene is silent
A and B dom over O
A and B co dominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Rh (D) inheritance

A

D and d

d is silent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pop freq of
DD
Dd
dd

A

pos 35%
pos 48%
neg 17%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

screen patients plasma for irregular red cell antibodies

commonest

A

not naturally occurring
develop after previous exposure to red cells - prev transfusion, prev preg

Anti D, Anti K, Anti c, Anti E, Anti Fy^a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

whats used to detect and identify irregular antibodies

A

group O red cells with Anti IgG AB

Indirect antiglobulin test /indirect coombs test

17
Q

transfusing red cells timing

A

each unit of red cells should be completely transfused within 4 hours of leaving the blood fridge
if red cells have been out of the fridge for more than 30 mins they can’t be returned

18
Q

indications for red cell transfusion

A

anaemia - low Hb

acute blood loss

19
Q

acute blood loss approach

A

arrest bleeding
gain IV access
sampled for cross matching and other tests
restore and maintain good blood volume - N saline, albumin, gelofusion
Emergency group O, Rh(d) neg blood
then specific blood

20
Q

platelet transfusion adult dose equivalent
stored at
for how long

A

4 donors or 1 using a cell separator machine

22 degrees for 5 days contact gentle agitation

21
Q

platelet production from whole white blood donations

A

centrifuge transfer pack
plasma through the top and red cells through the bottom and white cells and platelets in original bag

the original bag plus 3 others centrifuged to remove white cells

22
Q

indications for platelet transfusion

A

low platelet count and at risk of bleeding

23
Q

indications for fresh frozen plasma

A

bleeding or surgery in liver disease with impaired coagulation
coagulopathy following massive transfusion
DIC

24
Q

immediate haemolytic transfusion reaction

A

e.g. if group A blood given to someone with group A

IgM anti A binds to the cells - activates complement cascade

25
Q
  1. acute immediate haemolytic transfusion reaction - complement cascade
A

release of CSa and C5a - powerful anaphylotoxins, increase vascular permeability, dilute blood vessels, cause release of serotonin and histamine

formation of MAC - rupture of transfused cells

coagulation - DIC

26
Q

acute immediate haemolytic transfusion reaction - kinin system

A

activated factor XII activates kinin system
formation of bradykinin - arteriolar dilatation, increased vascular permeability
hypotension - vasoconstruiction in kidneys and other organs

27
Q

immediate haemolytic transfusion reaction features

A 
may being after only 1ml is transfused 
pyrexia/rigors
faintness/dizziness
tachycardia/tachypnoae
/hypotension
pallor/sweating
headaches/chest [ain
local pain at infusion site
cyanosis
28
Q

actions for acute immediate haemolytic transfusion reaction

A

stop transfusion
start IV fluids
obtain blood samples for transfusion lab
send remains of unit to lab

29
Q
  1. delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions
A

haemolysis 5-10 days after transfusion
similar to acute but not acute
unexplained fall in Hb as transfused red cells are destroyed

30
Q

lab features of delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions

A

anaemia, spherocytic red cells on blood film
elevated bili and LDH
pos DAGT and/or appearance of red cells allo-AB
degree of renal failure

31
Q
  1. febrile non haemolytic transfusion reaction

ix

prevention

A

2% red cell
20% platelet transfusions

rapid rise of temp 1-2 degrees, chills and riggers
AB to contaminating white cells
release of cytokines and vasoactive substances form white cells during storage

HLA AB

anti-paretics
leucodepleted blood components

32
Q
  1. urticarial reactions what
    presentation
    treatment
A

mast cell IgE response to infused plasma proteins

rash/weals within mins of transfusion

slow the transfusion
consider init histamines

33
Q
  1. circulatory overload
A

pulmonary oedema

elderly and those w CCF

reduce risk w diuretics furosmide

34
Q
  1. bacterial infection
A

fever, collapse, shock, DIC

red cells - pseudomonas, yersinia
platelets: staph, strep, erratic, salmonellae

35
Q
  1. viral infection
A

HIV 1/6mill
HBC 1/1.6 mill
HCV 1/26 mill

Haematology (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions