Haemopoiesis*

Question 1

erythrocytes

Answer 1

oxygen/CO2 transport

Question 2

platelets

Answer 2

primary homeostasis

Question 3

white cells granulocytes

Answer 3

neutrophils - phagocytosis/acute inflam

eosinophils - destroy parasites, modulate h/s reactions

basophils - modulate h/s reactions

Question 4

white cells monocytes

Answer 4

to macrophages
modulate immune reactions
phagocytic clearance
regulatory functions

Question 5

lymphocytes white blood cells

Answer 5

B cells - ABs
T cells
NK cells

Question 6

megakaryocytes

Answer 6

platelet precursoe, polypoid

Question 7

reticulocyte

Answer 7

red cell precursor

polychromatic

Question 8

myelocytes

Answer 8

nucleated precursor between neutrophils and blasts

Question 9

where do progenitors come from

Answer 9

haemopoietic stem cells

Question 10

developmental events in haemopoiesis

Answer 10

self renewal 
prolif
differentiation
maturation 
apoptosis

Question 11

sites of haem

Answer 11

haem stem cells are derived form mesoderm
circulating committed progenitors detected at week 5
yolk sac primary site of erythroid activity stops at week 10
liver starts at week 6
spleen by week 12
bone marrow y week 16

Question 12

compartments of bone marrow

Answer 12

cellular - haemopoietic cells and non haem cells
vascular elements
connective tissue matrix

Question 13

anatomy of bone marrow

Answer 13

trabeculae

interface endosteum covered by osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Question 14

vascular bone marrow

Answer 14

arteries feed into sinuses

sinuses are specialised venules that form a network w vessels

Question 15

release of mature cells form marrow

Answer 15

formed blood cells can pass through fenestrations in endothelial cells to enter circulation

neutrophils actively migrate toward sinosoid

megakaryocytic extend long branch processes called proplatelets into the sinusoidal blood vessels

release of red cells is associated with sinusoidal dilatation and increased blood flow

Question 16

red marrow

yellow marrow

Answer 16

red haemopoietically active
yellow fatty inactive

yellow increases w age

Question 17

myeloid:erythroid

Answer 17

>

can change e.g. in haemolysis as compensatory effect

Question 18

regulation of haem

neutrophil maturation

megakaryocytes

Answer 18

random intrinsic properties of cells
activation of lineage specific factors
microenvironment - anatomical location providing optimal signals

neutrophil maturation by G-CSF

thrombopoietin regulates growth and development of M from their precursors

Question 19

haemopoietic niche for the haemopoietic stem cell

Answer 19

can shift in marrow stress

drug therapy can mobilise HSC from niche for collection and transplantation

Question 20

how is haemopoiesis assessed

Answer 20

blood count, cell indices, morphology

bone marrow exam - less common

Question 21

study of antigen expression using specific antibodies

Answer 21

not generally require

immunophenotyping

Question 22

specialist test for haem

Answer 22

immunophenotyping
cytochemistry
clonogenic assays
animal models

Question 23

immunophenotypung

Answer 23

identify patters of antigen expression unique to a cell lineage