New and future treatments for cancer Flashcards
what does a low dose of chemo cause
formation of blabbing
the cell brake into severe apoptotic bodies which are then phagocytosed
no inflammation
what does a high dose of chemo cause
cell swells
plasma membran ruptures
cellular and nucelar lysis causes inflammation
why do lymphoma/CLL and quote leukaemia respond better than most other cancers to chemo and radiotherapy
lymphoma and CLL cells can be triggered to undergo apoptosis readily with chemo or radiotherapy
acute leukaemia is dividing quickly - more cells dividing so are affected by chemo
immediate effects of chemo and radio
hair loss nause vom neutropenic infection tiredness
long term effects of chemo and radio
cardiomyopathy
lung damage
other cancers
supportive therapy
prom treatment of neutropenic fever/infection
broad spec AB
prophylactic antibiotics and anti fungals to prevent infection occurring in the first place
red cell and platelet transfusion
what is given to prevent fungal infections
prophylactic anti fungals itraconazole or posaconazole
how is chemo and radio therapy improved in hodgkins
by a PET scan
how are side effects avoided in hodgkins after 2 out of 6 courses of ABVD
by missing out bleomycin in cycles 3-5
if PET was still positive at this stage - high chance of relapse
execrate treatment to escBEACOPP despite more toxicity
monoclonal antibodies are what
immune treatment
affect only cells which possess target protein
avoid side effects
more effective than chemo alone
what is rituximab
monoclonal antibody
murine variable regions bind specifically to CD20 on B cells
what is rituximab good for
improves responses and cures in px with high grade B NHL
improves survival and prolongs remissions in CLL
+chemo improves response and prolongs time to next treatment in low grade and mantle NHL
how is rituximab given
as a 5 min injection sub cut
what are other anti B cell antibodies
ofatumunab
obinutumab
when are other anti b cell antibodies used
better than rituximab in CLL in less fit patients along with gentle chemo (chlorambucil)
mainly in patients not responding to rutiximab
