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IHO Week 2 > Transfusions > Flashcards

Transfusions Flashcards

0
Q

What must be added to fucose (H antigen) to make the A antigen?

A

N-acetylgalactosamine

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1
Q

What is the inheritance pattern of RBC antigens?

A

Mendelian

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2
Q

What must be added to fucose (H antigen) to make the B antigen?

A

galactose

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3
Q

Type A blood patients can receive what blood?

A

A and O

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4
Q

Type B blood can receive what blood?

A

B and O

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5
Q

Type AB blood can receive what blood?

A

ALL OF IT

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6
Q

Type O blood can receive what blood?

A

O

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7
Q

What is the antigen Rh genotype indicated as?

A

D or d

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8
Q

How many D antigens (as opposed to d) are needed to be Rh+?

A

Just one (heterozygous counts)

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9
Q

What is unique about antibodies to these receptors?

A

they are Acquired (you need exposure to have antibodies against them)

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10
Q

What are the indications for a complete (whole) blood transfusion?

A

A massive hemorrhage

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11
Q

What are the indications to use just RBC transfusion?

A

Low hemoglobin

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12
Q

What are the indications to use leukocyte reduced blood?

A

Decreased alloimmunization or to decrease allergic reaction

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13
Q

Why would you use frozen RBC’s?

A

Storage of rare blood types

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14
Q

Why would you use granulocyte transfusions?

A

Treat sepsis in neutropenic patients

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15
Q

Why would you use just platelets in a transfusion?

A

Treat bleeding due to thrombocytopenia

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16
Q

Why would you use just plasma?

A

bleeding due to multiple factor deficiency

17
Q

What is contained in cryoprecipitate?

A

Fibrinogen
Von Willebrand factor
VIII
XIII

18
Q

When would you use cryoprecipitate?

A

Low fibrinogen
vW disease
Hemophilia A
Factor XIII Deficiency

19
Q

When would you use plasma with just factor VIII?

A

Hemophilia A

20
Q

When would you use plasma with factor IX?

A

Hemophelia B

21
Q

When would you use plasma with albumin?

A

Hypovolemia with hypoproteinemia

22
Q

When would you use plasma with IvIG?

A

Disease prophylaxis
Autoimmune disease
Immunodeficiency states

23
Q

Describe forward-type blood testing.

A

Vial of blood
Add antiA or antiB antibodies
Add AHG
Check for agglutination

24
Q

Describe reverse type blood testing.

A

Take a vial of anti-a or anti-b antibodies from patients serum
Take reagent cells (RBC’s with type B)
Add AHG
Check for agglutination

25
Q

What is happening in a crossmatch blood test?

A

Take patient serum (with antibodies)
Add donor RBC’s
Add AHG
Check for agglutination

26
Q

Which is the most deadly complication of a blood transfusion?

A

Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction

27
Q

What causes acute hemolytic transfer reactions?

A

When patient has anti ABO antibodies against donor RBC

28
Q

What would labs for an acute hemolytic transfer reactions look like?

A

Decreased haptoglobin
Increased bilirubin
DAT +

29
Q

Why is acute hemolytic transfusion reaction so detrimental?

A

Kidney damage from hemolysed cells

30
Q

What causes delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction?

A

Host rejection of donor cells due to other antigens on RBC’s

31
Q

Where does hemolysis usually occur for Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction?

A

extracellularly

32
Q

How does delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction usually present?

A

Dropping hemoglobin
DAT+
Usually can find antibody in serum

33
Q

How does febrile transfusion reaction happen?

A

Reaction against donor WBC’s

34
Q

How does febrile transfusion reaction present?

How is it treated?

A

All of the cytokine problems (fever, headache, chest pain, nausea)
Tylenol

35
Q

What does allergic transfusion reaction look like and what causes it?

A

It presents as hives

Reaction against donor serum proteins

36
Q

How does a bacterial infection due to transfusion usually present?

A

Sudden fever and shock

37
Q

What happens when you give too much blood at once? How can you tell?

A

Circulatory Overload

Hypertension, CHF

38
Q

What should you do to someone with circulatory overload?

A

Take them off transfusion

Give diuretics

39
Q

How does iron overload present?
Who does it appear in most?
How do you treat it?

A

Liver/heart damage
Chronic anemia patients
Give iron chelating agents

40
Q

What is wrong in graft-versus-host disease?

A

Donor lymphocytes attack host

41
Q

How serious is graft versus host disease?

A

Usually fatal

IHO Week 2 (9 decks)

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