Free Radicals

Question 0

What drug, when paired with nitrates, can cause pathological NO signaling, resulting in reactive nitrogen species?

Answer 0

Viagra

Question 1

This is generated enzymatically by peroxisomes, mitochondria, and in the ER.

Answer 1

H2O2

Question 2

What important biological molecules are detrimentally effected by free radicals?

Answer 2

Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

Question 3

What neuronal defect (seen in dementia) is the result of free radical damage?

Answer 3

Lewy bodies

Question 4

Why are BRCA 1 and 2 defects detrimental to cell damage repair?

Answer 4

BRCA 1 and 2 are cell repair mechanisms that repair DNA after damage from free radicals

Question 5

What protein is a major component of cellular defense against free radicals?

Answer 5

Glutathione

Question 6

What enzyme is responsible for the formation of HOCl from H2O2?

Answer 6

myeloperoxidase

Question 7

What cells contain a high amount of myeloperoxidase?

Answer 7

Phagocytic cells like neutrophils

Question 8

What enzyme is deficient in chronic granulomatous disease?

Answer 8

NADPH oxidase

Question 9

What is the inheritance pattern of NADPH oxidase defects?

Answer 9

X linked >60% of the time

Question 10

What bacterial enzyme causes bacteria to be particularly pathogenic in somebody with CGD?

Answer 10

catalase

Question 11

What bacteria are particularly dangerous to people with CGD?

Answer 11

Staph aureus
serratia
aspergillus
cardia
B cepacia

Question 12

What is the underlying mechanism for ischemia reperfusion?

Answer 12

Lack of oxygen mean less ATP.
Less ATP means more intracellular Ca and Na
The loss of membrane gradients in mitochondria, as well as the oxidative stress due to the Ca in the cell cause a higher amount of superoxide, eventually killing the cells