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IHO Week 2 > Anemia II > Flashcards

Anemia II Flashcards

0
Q

How would warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia look under scope?

A

Spherocytes and not much else

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1
Q

What is the antibody in question in warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia?

A

IgG

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2
Q

What should you look to as the cause for WAHA?

A

Primary causes: no idea

Secondary causes: Leukemia/Lymphoma, other malignancies, Autoimmune disorders, infection, drugs

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3
Q

After IgG coats RBC’s, what is their fate?

A

Entire phagocytosis or take a bite

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4
Q

What clinical physical exam finding is indicative of WAHA?

A

Splenomegaly

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5
Q

How do you diagnose WAHA? Treatment?

A

Diagnosis: DAT
Treatment: Steroids/Splenectomy (severe)

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6
Q

What immune components are in question in Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia?

A

IgM, Complement

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7
Q

What are the primary and secondary causes?

A

Primary: Unknown
Secondary: Infections and lymphoproliferative diseases

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8
Q

What is the biochemical process behind pathogenesis?

A

IgM and complement coat RBC’s, but fall off in warm parts of the body
So in cold parts, IgM cause agglutination and complement cause lysis

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9
Q

How do you diagnose CAHA?

Treat?

A

Diagnose: DAT for IgM and complement
Treat: Keep patient warm, treat underlying cause

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10
Q

What is the best lab to find hemoglobinopathy?

A

Hemoglobin electrophoresis

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11
Q

Which chain is at fault in sickle cell anemia? What is the substitution?

A

Beta chain, Valine for glutamate

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12
Q

What happens at the cellular level for pathogenesis?

A

Once cell loses oxygen, the cells becomes like a sickle,

they aggregate and clog up vessels

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13
Q

What can you expect to find on a blood smear of a patient with sickle cell, post-splenectomy?

A 
Sickle cells
Nucleated RBC's
Howell-jolly bodies
Pappenheimer bodies
Targets
Increased platelets
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14
Q

What is the underlying cause of thalassemia?

A

Quantitative defect in production of alpha or beta chains of hemoglobin

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15
Q

What will a blood smear look like for a patient with thalassemia?

A

Microcytic, hypochromic with increased RBC and target cell count

16
Q

What is different about alpha and beta chain deficiencies in thalassemia?

A

Alpha chain has 4 genes, the problem is a deletion of a gene

Beta chain has 2 genes, the problem is defective gene

17
Q

Describe the severity of the following annotations:
beta gene
beta0 gene
beta+ gene

A

Beta gene: normal
beta0 gene: no beta chains produced
beta+ gene: some beta produced

18
Q

The most severe beta thalassemia symptoms are those with what genotypes?

A

Beta0 and Beta+

Beta 0 and Beta0

19
Q

Describe the severity of the genotypes of alpha thalassemia.

A

a - / a a: silent
a - / a - or aa/–: alpha thal trait
–/-a: HbH disease
–/–: Hydrops fetalis

20
Q

What type of hemoglobin do you see in infants with alpha thalassemia? Adults?

A

Infants: gamma4 tetramers (Hb Barts)
Adults: beta4 tetramers (HbH)

21
Q

What is the morphology of thalassemia?

A 
hypochromic
Microcytic
Poikilocytosis
anisocytosis
target cells
Basophilic stippling
22
Q

What demographic is alpha thalassemia most common for? beta thal?

A

Alpha: Asians/blacks
Beta: mediterranian/asian/black

23
Q

What is the underlying cause of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia?

A

trauma to RBC’s

24
Q

Causes of MAHA?

A

Artificial heart valve

DIC, TTP, HUS

25
Q

What type of cell is most indicative of MAHA?

A

Triangulocyte

26
Q

What does anemia of chronic disease look like?

A

normocytic, normochromic

27
Q

What is overproduced in AOCD?

A

Hepcidin

28
Q

What is the root cause of anemia in kidney failure?

A

Lack of erythropoietin production

29
Q

What do you start to see in renal failure anemia?

A

Echinocytes

30
Q

What is anemia of the liver characterized by on a blood smear?

A

Poikilocytes, acanthocytes

31
Q

What is indicative of aplastic anemia? What is the cause?

A

Just decreased cells and decreased marrow

Idiopathic

IHO Week 2 (9 decks)

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