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IHO Week 2 > Acquired Immunity > Flashcards

Acquired Immunity Flashcards

0
Q

The small part of a foreign antigen to which an antibody is formed is called an…

A

epitope

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1
Q

What are the two main distinguishing factors of the acquired immune system?

A

Inducibility, memory

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2
Q

MHC class II attract which adaptive immune cell?

A

Cytotoxic T cell (CD8)

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3
Q

MHC class I match with what type of lymphocyte?

A

CD4 Helper T cells

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4
Q

When are MHC class II expressed?

A

On antigen presenting cells like dendritic cells or macrophages, B cells, or epithelial cells of the thymus

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5
Q

When are MHC class I cells expressed?

A

Expressed on all cells (except RBC’s) and make it so that CD8 cells can tell which are infected

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6
Q

What are released by T cells to get monocytes and macrophages to invade a local area?

A

lymphokines

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7
Q

What is the deal with CD3?

A

All T cells express it because it’s a part of the T cell receptor.

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8
Q

Type 1 Helper T cells do what?

A

recognize an antigen, release a lymphokine that attracts thousands of macrophages to an area to clean up the antigen presenting cells.

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9
Q

Type 17 T cells do what?

A

The same thing as Tc1, but much more potent. Implicated in autoimmunity

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10
Q

Type 2 Helper T cells do what?

A

Stimulate macrophages to become “alternatively activated”, wall off an infection so that rebuilding can be occur. Very important in parasitic immunity.

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11
Q

Follicular Helper T Cells do what?

A

ThF go to lymph nodes and stimulate B cell activation so they can release antibodies

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12
Q

What to regulatory T cells do?

A

ake cytokines that suppress activation and recruitment of Th1, Th17, T2 cells to keep the immune response in check.
Part of the Th family

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13
Q

What do CD8 Cytotoxic T cells do?

A

Kill cells bearing an abnormal or foreign antigen on the surface

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14
Q

What interleukins are general activators of T cells?

A

IL2, IL15

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15
Q

What cytokines drive Th cells to Th1 helper cell subtypes?

A

IL-12, IF-gamma

16
Q

What cytokine drives Th cells to Th2 subtype?

A

IL-4

17
Q

What cytokine down-regulates Th1?

A

IL-10

18
Q

What cytokine down-regulates both Th1 and Th2?

A

TGF-beta

19
Q

What ligand protein on target cells cause T-cell mediated cell death?

A

FAS

20
Q

FAS activation causes cell death by activating this class of proteins within the cell.

A

Caspases

21
Q

Cytotoxic T cells can also kill infected cells by releasing these three proteins:

A

TNF, Perforin, granzymes

22
Q

What does perforin do?

A

“Perforates” the cell membrane and lyses it

23
Q

What is a fully differentiated B cell called?

A

Plasma cell

24
Q

What is the role of CD79 A and B? (formerly known as IgAlpha and IgBeta)

A

Initiate cellular transcription to differentiate the B cell into a plasma cell

25
Q

What is the role of IgG once bound to an antigen?

A

Sets free complement to increase inflammation and pathogen destruction

26
Q

The first immunoglobulin to appear in the bloodstream after new infection is…

A

IgM

27
Q

_____ is replaced by ____ after a week or two from the initial infection

A

IgM, IgG

28
Q

Which is better at activating complement? IgM or IgG?

A

IgM

29
Q

What Immunoglobulin is inserted into the B cell surface as their antigen receptor?

A

IgD

30
Q

What antibody is most often present in mucousal secretions?

A

IgA

31
Q

What makes IgA resistant to mucousal digestion?

A

Secretory component

32
Q

What is the antibody most directly related to allergic reactions?

A

IgE

33
Q

What is the antibody most directly related to parasitic infections?

A

IgE

34
Q

An overactive allergic reaction to shellfish is due to what type of hypersensitivity?

A

Type 1 Hypersensitivity

35
Q

An autoimmune attack of acetylcholine receptors in Myesthenia Gravis is due to which class of hypersensitivity?

A

Type II hypersensitivity

36
Q

Which type of hypersensitivity has to do with trapping very small particles with antibodies in the capillaries of an affected person?

A

Type 3 hypersensitivity

37
Q

What type of hypersensitivity can be best described as the collateral damage hypersensitivity?

A

Type IV Hypersensitivity.

IHO Week 2 (9 decks)

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