Transfusion Therapy Flashcards
What is the best-tolerated form of transplantation in humans?
red blood cells
Why is whole blood contraindicated for patients with severe chronic anemia?
The plasma volume of these patients is increased
The pathologic cause of a decreased red blood cell mass include(s):
compromised bone marrow production
decreased red blood cell survival
bleeding as a result of trauma
Why is red blood cell transfusion contraindicated in a stable patient with chronic renal failure who has no symptoms except after climbing three flights of stairs?
The anemia is compensated
Neonatal exchange transfusion is performed using which blood preservative?
citrate-phosphate-dextrose adenine (CPDA-1)
What blood component is responsible for most allergic reactions?
Plasma
Platelets prepared from what are referred to as random donor platelets?
whole blood units
One unit of random platelets should increase the platelet count by:
5000 to 10,000 per uL
How is donor platelet survival determined in the recipient?
platelet count increment (1 hour after transfusion)
Which of the following is not an indication for fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion?
factor VIII deficiency
Why is fresh frozen plasma (FFP) indicated for women with HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets)?
FFP reverses symptoms of patients by infusion of unknown plasma substance
Liquid plasma is not indicated for factor __________ deficiency?
V
Cryoprecipitate antihemophilic factor (AHF) contains factor VIII. What other coagulation factor is present?
I
What disease state may require exogenous fibrinogen replacement?
Liver failure
DIC
Factor IX concentrates contain which factors (otherwise known as “prothrombin complex”)?
II,VII,IX,X
In what disease state is acquired antithrombin III deficiency manifested?
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
How does 25% albumin induce diuresis in liver disease patients?
Albumin solution acts with diuretics and brings extravascular water into vascular space to dilute albumin
What is the immunologic principle of RhIg administration?
Anti-D attaches to Rh-positive cells of the infant in maternal circulation and are subsequently removed by cells of the reticuloendothelial system preventing sensitization
All of the following are consistent with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) except:
transplantation of “immunologically naive” T lymphocytes
What is the advantage of performing a type and screen for patients scheduled for surgery instead of crossmatching units for possible transfusion?
increases the availability of donor units in the inventory
Which of the following Rh-negative patients may permit transfusion of Rh-positive units when few O-negative units are available in an emergency?
middle-aged man
Why are fresh blood units (younger than 5 days) preferred for a neonate transfusion?
reduce the risk of hyperkalemia
Why do liver transplant patients require plasma?
most coagulation factors produced in the liver
Which blood product is used in the treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
plasma
platelets
cryoprecipitate
Which of the following represents the final clerical check of a transfusion?
Nurse uses the patient armband to compare patient identification with patient crossmatch report and tags attached to unit
A patient with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) would require ____ in the event of a blood transfusion.
A blood warmer
Which of the following are not at risk for developing cytomegalovirus (CMV) via CMV-positive blood products?
CMV-positive heart transplant recipients
Oncology patients usually receive repeated red blood cell and platelet transfusions due to:
radiation therapy
tumor infiltration of bone marrow
chemotherapy
