Other Major Blood Group Systems

Question 1

Most blood group alleles are:

Answer 1

Codominant

Question 2

What MN phenotype is found in highest frequency in the white population?

Answer 2

M+N+

Question 3

Why are the M and N antigens important for paternity testing?

Answer 3

Antigens are well developed at birth

Question 4

What characteristic differentiates Ss antigens from MN antigens?

Answer 4

Enzyme degradation

Question 5

What can be done to rule in anti-M when only M+N+ red cells are available?

Answer 5

Decrease the serum to cell ratio

Question 6

What is the etiology of dialysis-associated anti-N?

Answer 6

Most renal patients express the phenotype

Question 7

What does the “U” in U antigen stand for?

Answer 7

Universal

Question 8

All of the following are characteristics of the Ena antigen except:

Answer 8

It’s a low frequency antigen

Question 9

The M and N antigens are found in which glycoprotein?

Answer 9

Glycophorin A

Question 10

Autoantibodies to U antigen may be found in patients with:

Answer 10

Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Question 11

Persons who are genetically P1 may serologically type as P2 because of:

Answer 11

Inheritance of the In (Lu) gene

Question 12

All of the following are characteristic of anti-P1 except:

Answer 12

Antibody is not neutralized by soluble p1 substance

Question 13

Why is hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) not a consideration when the mother possesses anti-P1 in her serum?

Answer 13

P1 antigen is not well expressed at birth

Question 14

The structures that carry the P antigens also carry which determinants?

Answer 14

A
I
B

Question 15

How is the Luke (LKE) system related to the P blood group system?

Answer 15

anti-LKE reacts with all P1 and P2 individuals

Question 16

At birth, infant cells are rich in _______, and ________ is nearly undetectable.

Answer 16

i/I

Question 17

All of the following is consistent with Benign anti-I except:

Answer 17

Do not bind complement

Question 18

How can pathologic anti-I be differentiated from benign anti-I?

Answer 18

Broad thermal range of reactivity

Question 19

A patient who has a pathologic autoanti-I must be transfused with a:

Answer 19

Blood Warmer

Question 20

Anti-i is found in association with what disease?

Answer 20

Infectious mononucleosis

Question 21

What will happen to I antigen expression when ABH sugars are removed from red cells?

Answer 21

Increased expression

Question 22

The Ii antigens are found on the membranes of which structures?

Answer 22

platelets
leukocytes
red cells

Question 23

What is Kell’s antithetical partner?

Answer 23

Cellano

Question 24

All of the following is true regarding the Kell antigen except:

Answer 24

Destroyed by Ficin treatment

Question 25

Why is it relatively easy to find compatible units for a patient with anti-K?

Answer 25

Kell is a low-frequency antigen

Question 26

At what phase of the antihuman globulin test will anti-Kell be detected?

Answer 26

AHG

Question 27

What biochemical observations signify a protein composition to the Kell antigens?

Answer 27

Inactivation at 56 degrees celcius

Question 28

What is the most common genetic combination in the Kell blood group system?

Answer 28

kKpb Jsb K11

Question 29

All of the following are grouped with the para-Kell antigens except:

Answer 29

K11

Question 30

What fatal disease is associated with the McLeod phenotype?

Answer 30

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

Question 31

What is the etiology of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)?

Answer 31

Phagocytes unable to generate hydrogen peroxide, which kills bacteria

Question 32

Most Kell autoantibodies are directed against which antigens that are usually undefined?

Answer 32

High Frequency

Question 33

Which population has the greatest frequency of the Fy(a-b-) phenotype?

Answer 33

Black

Question 34

The homozygous phenotype Fy(a+b-) has _______ antigenic Fya sites than heterozygous cells, Fy(a+b+).

Answer 34

More

Question 35

Duffy antigens are destroyed by:

Answer 35

Ficin

Question 36

What sequence of antigens coincides with strongest immunogen to weakest immunogen?

Answer 36

D, K, Fya, Fyb

Question 37

Why is dosage inconsistent in the Duffy blood group?

Answer 37

The genotype could be inherited as FyaFya or FyaFy for Fy(a+b-) red cells

Question 38

Black persons who genotype as Fy5Fy5 will phenotype as:

Answer 38

Fy(a-b-)

Question 39

What are the antibody characteristics of Fy3, Fy4, and Fy5?

Answer 39

Immunogenic IgG Reactive at AHG

Question 40

In vitro studies using Plasmodium knowlesi showed the malaria merozoits failed to invade red cells when:

Answer 40

Fya antigen sites were blocked by antibody Fyb antigen sites were blocked by antibody antigenic sites were denatured by enzymes

Question 41

All of the following are characteristics of Kidd antibodies except:

Answer 41

Naturally occurring

Question 42

Why is it strongly recommended to use only homozygous cells when ruling out Kidd antibodies?

Answer 42

Anti-Jka may appear compatible with heterozygous cells [Jk(a+b+)]

Question 43

What sample requirement is essential for identification of a Kidd antibody?

Answer 43

Fresh serum

Question 44

When red cells are placed in a solution of 2M urea, the red cells will lyse. However, it has been showed that which red cells are resistant to lysis?

Answer 44

Jk(a-b-)

Question 45

What Kidd antibody will react with all panel cells and phenotype as Jk(a-b-)?

Answer 45

Anti-Jk3

Question 46

What organism is capable of converting Jk(b-) red cells to Jk(b+)?

Answer 46

Micrococcus

Question 47

Why does anti-Lua go undetected in routine testing?

Answer 47

Most reagent cells are Lua negative

Question 48

Lu3 antigen is present whenever:

Answer 48

Lua is positive and LuB is positive

Question 49

Which of the following distinguishes the recessive LuLu gene from the dominant In(Lu) gene?

Answer 49

Normal expression of P1