Other Major Blood Group Systems Flashcards
Most blood group alleles are:
Codominant
What MN phenotype is found in highest frequency in the white population?
M+N+
Why are the M and N antigens important for paternity testing?
Antigens are well developed at birth
What characteristic differentiates Ss antigens from MN antigens?
Enzyme degradation
What can be done to rule in anti-M when only M+N+ red cells are available?
Decrease the serum to cell ratio
What is the etiology of dialysis-associated anti-N?
Most renal patients express the phenotype
What does the “U” in U antigen stand for?
Universal
All of the following are characteristics of the Ena antigen except:
It’s a low frequency antigen
The M and N antigens are found in which glycoprotein?
Glycophorin A
Autoantibodies to U antigen may be found in patients with:
Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Persons who are genetically P1 may serologically type as P2 because of:
Inheritance of the In (Lu) gene
All of the following are characteristic of anti-P1 except:
Antibody is not neutralized by soluble p1 substance
Why is hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) not a consideration when the mother possesses anti-P1 in her serum?
P1 antigen is not well expressed at birth
The structures that carry the P antigens also carry which determinants?
A
I
B
How is the Luke (LKE) system related to the P blood group system?
anti-LKE reacts with all P1 and P2 individuals
At birth, infant cells are rich in _______, and ________ is nearly undetectable.
i/I
All of the following is consistent with Benign anti-I except:
Do not bind complement
How can pathologic anti-I be differentiated from benign anti-I?
Broad thermal range of reactivity
A patient who has a pathologic autoanti-I must be transfused with a:
Blood Warmer
Anti-i is found in association with what disease?
Infectious mononucleosis
What will happen to I antigen expression when ABH sugars are removed from red cells?
Increased expression
The Ii antigens are found on the membranes of which structures?
platelets
leukocytes
red cells
What is Kell’s antithetical partner?
Cellano
All of the following is true regarding the Kell antigen except:
Destroyed by Ficin treatment
Why is it relatively easy to find compatible units for a patient with anti-K?
Kell is a low-frequency antigen
At what phase of the antihuman globulin test will anti-Kell be detected?
AHG
What biochemical observations signify a protein composition to the Kell antigens?
Inactivation at 56 degrees celcius
What is the most common genetic combination in the Kell blood group system?
kKpb Jsb K11
All of the following are grouped with the para-Kell antigens except:
K11
What fatal disease is associated with the McLeod phenotype?
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
What is the etiology of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)?
Phagocytes unable to generate hydrogen peroxide, which kills bacteria
Most Kell autoantibodies are directed against which antigens that are usually undefined?
High Frequency
Which population has the greatest frequency of the Fy(a-b-) phenotype?
Black
The homozygous phenotype Fy(a+b-) has _______ antigenic Fya sites than heterozygous cells, Fy(a+b+).
More
Duffy antigens are destroyed by:
Ficin
What sequence of antigens coincides with strongest immunogen to weakest immunogen?
D, K, Fya, Fyb
Why is dosage inconsistent in the Duffy blood group?
The genotype could be inherited as FyaFya or FyaFy for Fy(a+b-) red cells
Black persons who genotype as Fy5Fy5 will phenotype as:
Fy(a-b-)
What are the antibody characteristics of Fy3, Fy4, and Fy5?
Immunogenic
IgG
Reactive at AHG
In vitro studies using Plasmodium knowlesi showed the malaria merozoits failed to invade red cells when:
Fya antigen sites were blocked by antibody
Fyb antigen sites were blocked by antibody
antigenic sites were denatured by enzymes
All of the following are characteristics of Kidd antibodies except:
Naturally occurring
Why is it strongly recommended to use only homozygous cells when ruling out Kidd antibodies?
Anti-Jka may appear compatible with heterozygous cells [Jk(a+b+)]
What sample requirement is essential for identification of a Kidd antibody?
Fresh serum
When red cells are placed in a solution of 2M urea, the red cells will lyse. However, it has been showed that which red cells are resistant to lysis?
Jk(a-b-)
What Kidd antibody will react with all panel cells and phenotype as Jk(a-b-)?
Anti-Jk3
What organism is capable of converting Jk(b-) red cells to Jk(b+)?
Micrococcus
Why does anti-Lua go undetected in routine testing?
Most reagent cells are Lua negative
Lu3 antigen is present whenever:
Lua is positive and LuB is positive
Which of the following distinguishes the recessive LuLu gene from the dominant In(Lu) gene?
Normal expression of P1
