Transfusion Medicine--Krafts Flashcards
T/F We are born with antibodies against the blood antigen we do no present
T
these antibodies are (oddly) expressed at birth and present throughout life
In what circumstance do you use whole blood?
massive hemorrhage
When do you use RBC transfusions?
severe anemia
When do you use leukoreduced RBCs?
alloimmunized individuals or those allergic to blood products
Why is some red blood frozen?
very rare blood types
When are granulocytes infused?
severe neutropenia and those with severe and unresponsive infection
When do you give platelets?
thrombocytopenia
not just bleeding, only bleeding due to low platelets
What is in fresh frozen plasma?
everything!
Why do you give albumin?
severe kidney failure, helps retain fluids
When is IvIg necessary?
disease prophylaxis
Forward typing is performed on whose blood?
patient and donor blood–determine antigens present on surface
How is reverse typing done?
taking patient’s own antibodies (serum) and reacting them with reagent red cells (known antigens) to see if there is clumping
When do you do an antibody screen?
only in patients who are exhibiting blood reactions and have multiple blood exposures
What is an antibody screen?
looking for weird antigens
What is a cross-match?
using patient’s serum to see if it reacts with the donor RBCs
Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions: most probably cause
clerical error
What is the most common cause of delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction?
usually Rh incompatibility in sensitized individuals
What lyses cells in acute hemolytic transfusion reactions?
complement
What lyses cells in delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction?
extravascular hemolysis in spleen
What test can you do to find if there is suspected acute or delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction?
DAT+
What causes febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction?
antibodies against donor white cells
What causes allergic reaction to transfusion?
antibodies to donor proteins
How to treat mild allergic reaction to transfusion?
stop, give antihistamine, restart blood
What causes circulatory overload?
too much fluid too fast
How do you treat iron overload?
chelation
When do you worry most about graft-vs-host disease?
bone marrow transplant
What do you worry about biologically when a family member donates tissue to another family member?
graft vs. host disease
host doesn’t recognize graft as foreign but graft recognizes host as foreign, ATTACK!
Biggest infection risks?
bacterial
Least infection risks?
Hep-C and HIV
Medium infection risk?
Hep-B
Most common transfusion reactions?
allergic and febrile
