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Lymphoreticular > Transfusion Medicine > Flashcards

Transfusion Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Potential products that can be transfused?

A
  • whole blood
  • packed RBC
  • fresh frozen plasma
  • cryoprecipitate
  • oxyglobin
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2
Q

when is whole blood used?

A
  • bleeding on demand
  • no separation and storage facilities
  • substantial acute haemorrhage
  • haemorrhage d/t haemostatic disorders
  • cats
  • oxyglobin?
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3
Q

What is in plasma that is useful?

A

Clotting factors

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4
Q

Ideal blood donor qualities?

A
  • no travel hx
  • healthy
  • > 25kg dog
  • preferably >5kg cat
  • 1-8yo
  • temperament
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5
Q

What infectious agents are always tested for ini cats?

A
  • mycoplasma
  • FIV
  • FeLV
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6
Q

What is between the collection bag and the storage area of blood collections sets?

A

leucocyte reducing filter to v reaction of recipient

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7
Q

What is component therapy?

A
  • multiple products from one donation (efficiency of donations, minimise side effects/risks of side effects)
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8
Q

Potential side effects of transfusion tx?

A
  • volume overload

- transfusion reactions

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9
Q

What are packed RBC? How are hey made and stored?

A
  • centrifuged whole blood
  • plasma extactor
  • addiive solutions
  • stored at 1-6* c
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10
Q

Indications for packed RBC?

A
  • cats
  • anaemia with NO hypovolaemia
  • anaemia with risk of volume overload
  • oxyglobin??
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11
Q

How long can fresh frozen plasma be stored for?

A
  • frozen up to a year

- must be separated within 24hrs

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12
Q

What is plasma high in?

A

Clotting factors (not platelets)

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13
Q

Indications for fresh frozen plasma?

A
  • coagulopathies (rodenticide ,hemophilia)
  • ?pancreatitis - shouldnt be, but often is indicated
  • ?IG source
  • ?albumin source
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14
Q

What is liquid/frozen plasma? How long can it be stored?

A
  • dont know??!!
  • refridgerated 24hrs - 6 weeks post collection
  • frozen up to 5 years
  • inadequate factors V, VIII, vWF (labile)
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15
Q

Indications for liquid/frozen plasma?

A
  • rodenticide toxicity
  • hemophilia B
  • ?Albumin
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16
Q

What is cryoprecipitate? How big is one dose?

A
  • prepared by partial thawing and centrifugation of FFP
    > enriched in factor VIII, vWF and fibrinogen
  • donor can be given desmopressin (LOOK UP??)
  • re-frozen and stored for up to a year
  • one unit approx 60ml
17
Q

What is cryosupernatent? uses?

A 
> contains
- vit K dependent clotting factors 
- albumin 
- anti-thrombin 
> uses 
- rodenticide toxicity
- vit K deficiency
- hemophilia B 
- hypoalbuminaemia?
18
Q

What blood types exist for cats? dogs?

A 
> Cats
- A/B scheme (different to humans) 
- A, B or AB 
> Dogs
- DEA scheme (DEA1,3,4,5,6,7)
19
Q

How can DEA and AB type be worked out?

A

Paper test thingies

20
Q

What re blood types?

A
  • antigen on erythrocyte surface (proteins, glycoproteins, glycolipids, carbohydrate)
  • foreign Ag -> Ab formation
21
Q

Which animals need blood typing/testing? What tests are done?

A
  • Dogs UK testing limited to DEA 1+/-
  • full testing available in US
  • Feline ALL CATS MUST BE TESTED (fatal reactions possible)
22
Q

How is blood administration carried out practically?

A 
> dedicated catheter
- Drug reactions
- Hartmanns
> appropriate giving set
> Slow initial rate 
- 0.5-1ml/kg/hr for first half hour 
- administer over 4-6hrs
23
Q

What transfusion reactions are possible?

A

> immunological (allergi) v non-immunological (volume overload)
Acute (cats) v delayed (Dogs)

24
Q

Clinical signs of a transfusion reaction?

A
  • non-sepcific and do not indicate underlying cause
  • monitor for:
  • pyrexia, tachycardia, tachy/dys-pnoea, erythema, urticaria
25
Q

Management of transfusion reactions?

A
  • stop!
  • check ECG And blood pressure
  • symptomatic tx: adrenaline, CR, antihistamine, antipyretics
26
Q

When is cross-matching indicated? Why?

A
  • transfusion more thaan 4d ago (time to mount immune response)
  • hx transfusion reactions
  • recipients transfusion hx unknown
    > blood groups not normally tested for, and likekly blood groups we dont know about!!
    > This checks on a individual basis that blood is not going to react
27
Q

What are the 2 types of crossmatching?

A

> major
- donor cells and recipient plasma
minor
- recipient cells and donor plasma

28
Q

Confusing factors for blood typing?

A
  • autoagglutination
  • roulaeux
  • cell washing
29
Q

Indications for tranfusing a patient? LOOK SLIDES

A
  • chronicity and severity of anaemia
  • coping? tachycardia etc.
  • underlying dz and prognosis

Lymphoreticular (31 decks)

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