Transfusion/Coagulation Flashcards
What is oxyhemoglobin blood product made up of?
13 g/dl of polymerized bovine hemoglobin in LRS
- Bovine hemoglobin depends on chloride instead of 2-3 DPG to determine oxygen affinity → great oxygen transport ability in the body
What are P50 in dogs and cats?
Dogs: 31.5 mmHg
Cats: 35.6 mmHg
Is oxyhemoglobin isoosmotic or hyperosmotic? hyperoncotic or normooncotic?
Isoosmotic (300 mOsm/L)
Hyperoncotic (COP = 43 mmHg)
What are common complications/side effects for oxyhemoglobin administration? Why?
Hypertension - nitric oxide scanvenging effect leads to vasoconstriction
Volume overload - hyperoncotic & vasoconstriction
Transient Yellow-orange color skin and urine
What is the dose for oxyhemoglobin administration and what is the half-life?
10-30 ml/kg
18-43 hr
What is the formula for albumin deficit?
Albumin deficit (g) = 10 x [Desired albumin - patient albumin] x body weight x 0.3
What are in frozen plasma?
Albumin, fibrinogen, globulin, Factor 2, 7, 9, 10,11, 12
Mainly lacking factor 5, 8
What are in cryoprecipitate?
von Willbrand factor, Factor 8, 13, fibrinogen
What are in cryo-poor plasma?
albumin, vit-K dependent factor, globulin
What is the FFP volume required to raise albumin by 0.5 g/dL
20-25 ml/kg
What is the canine albumin dose required to raise albumin by 0.5 g/dL?
450 mg/kg
True or False: Platelets contains nucleus.
False
List 7 structures in the platelet.
1) Actin
2) Myosin
3) Fibrin-stabilizing factors (fXIII)
4) Prostaglandins
5) Mitochondria → can form ATP and ADP
6) Endoplasmic reticulum
7) Golgi apparatus
8) Growth factors
9) Thrombosthesnin
10) 𝜶 granules
11) Dense granules
12) Lysosomal granules
What are in platelet 𝜶 granules (10) and dense granules (6)?
𝜶 granules:
- Fibrinogen
- von Willbrand factors
- P-selectin
- Factor V, VIII
- Thrombospondin
- Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
- Platelet factor 4
- Insulin like growth factor
- Platelet derived growth factor
- Vascular endothelium growth factor
Dense granules:
- Ca2+, Mg2+, phosphate
- ATP, ADP
- Histamine
- Serotonin
- Polyphosphate
- Catecholamines
What the structure in the endothelium that store the vWF?
Weibel-Palade bodies
What composes the extrinsic tenase complex?
Tissue factor (fIII), factor VIIa, calcium
What composes the intrinsic tenase complex?
Factor VIIIa, Factor IXa, phospholipid, calcium
What composes the prothrombinase complex?
Factor Xa, Factor Va
What are the 7 G protein-coupled receptors on the platelet and what do them bind to?
ADP (P2Y1, P2Y12)
Thrombin (PAR1, PAR4)
Thromboxane (TP)
Epinephrine (𝜷2 receptors)
Serotonin (5-HT2A)
What are the two integrins receptors and what do they bind to?
Integrin 𝜶2𝜷1 → collagen
Integrin 𝜶II2𝜷3 (GP IIbIIIa) → fibrinogen
- inside-out and outside-in activation
What dose GPIb/IX/V receptors bind to?
vVF, P-selectin, collagen
- a member of the leucine-rich receptor class
What is GPVI activated by?
collagen
- Immunoglobulin superfamily receptors
- activates integrins via inside-out signalling
What is glenzocimab?
Monoclonal antibody against GPVI receptor (experimental)
Where does the thrombopoietin mainly synthesized?
Liver