Infectious Diseases Flashcards
What is the common breed associated with Babesia canis and Babesia gibsoni infection, respectively?
Babesia canis: Greyhound
Babesia gibsoni: Pit Bull Terrier
Babesia gibsoni clinical signs and treatment protocol vs treatment for B. vogeli
Mainly hemolysis but also thrombocytopenia
Treatment with atovaquone and azithromycin
B.vogeli treated with imidocarb
What are the two common virus for feline upper respiratory tract diseases?
Feline Herpesvirus 1
Feline Calicivirus
True or False: For acute feline upper respiratory tract diseases, antibiotic is not recommended immediately. If patient declines with supportive care after 10 days, the first-line antibiotics is doxycycline or ampicillin.
True
True or False: 𝜷-lactam antibiotic is the first-line antibiotic for Bordetella bronchiseptica.
False
Not effective
True or False: For cats with chronic URI, If Pseudomonas aeruginosa is isolated in pure or nearly pure culture and believed to be the cause of a secondary infection, extensive flushing of the nasal cavity under anesthesia should be performed to remove loculated secretions.
True
If a cat with diagnosed URI develops mucopurulent discharge after treatment, what is recommended according to the ACVIM guidelines?
Restart the last effective antibiotic
If the treatment is ineffective in 48 hours, switch to another drug in the same class or different drug class
List 5 viruses that have been associated with CIRDC.
Canine adenovirus 2
Canine parainfluenza virus
Canine influenza virus
Canine distemper virus
Canine herpesvirus
Canine pneumovirus
Canine respiratory coronavirus
What is the first-line empirical antibiotics for CIRDC?
Doxycycline
What is the recommended treatment duration for bacterial bornchitis?
If a positive response is obtained in the first 7–10 days, treatment should be continued to 1 week past resolution of clinical signs.
List 3 antibiotics that are effective to Mycoplasma spp
Enrofloxacin
Doxycycline
Azithromycin
According to the ACVIM guidelines, what is the recommended approach for canine and feline aspiration pneumonia?
If the dog or cat is acutely affected and has no evidence of systemic sepsis, the Working Group believes that either no treatment or parenteral administration of a beta-lactam antimicrobial like ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, or the first-generation cephalosporin cefazolin might be sufficient
According to the ACVIM guidelines, what is the recommended antibiotic duration for bacterial pneumonia?
Re-evaluated in 10-14 days
What type of bacteria is most common in canine pyothorax?
Mixed anaerobes
Prevotella spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Propionibacterium acnes, Clostridium spp., Bacteroides spp., Fusobacterium spp.
What type of bacteria is most common in feline pyothorax?
oropharyngeal anaerobes
Which breed is predisposed to systemic aspergillosis?
GSD
Forms of aspergillosis
- sino-nasal
- sino-orbital
- invasive
Which antifungal is recommended for systemic aspergillosis?
Posaconazole
(indefinite treatment likely needed)
What is the proposed mechanism for tick paralysis?
Holocyclotoxin
- Impair ACh release at the NMJ by blocking Ca2+ influx at the axon terminal
- impairs ACh at autonomic synapses, resulting in autonomic imbalance (predominantly sympathetic overdrive)
Is Clostridium botulinum a gram positive or gram negative anaerobic bacteria?
Gram positive
Which virus can cause corneal ulceration and keratitis, FHV-1 or FCV?
FHV-1
What type of virus is canine distemper virus?
Enveloped RNA virus
What type of virus are feline herpesvirus and feline calicivirus?
FHV-1: enveloped DNA virus
FCV: non-enveloped RNA virus
In feline panleukopenia, what are the three poor prognostic indicators?
Leukopenia
Hypokalemia
Hypoalbuminemia
Where is canine distemper virus first infected in the body?
Monocytes within lymphoid tissue in the upper respiratory tract and tonsil
What type of virus is FIP virus?
Enveloped RNA virus
How long does it take for dogs with parvoviral infection to show clinical signs after infection?
4-10 days
What findings in blood work is a positive prognostic indicators in paroviral infection?
- Lack of lymphopenia on admission, at 24 and 48 hours post-admission (not leukopenia)
- Presence of left shift
- Lower total cholesterol
- High-density lipoprotein cholesterol
When do patients with parvoviral infection start to shed virus?
3-4 days after exposure