Statistics Flashcards
What is type 1 error and type 2 error?
Type I error (error of commission) if an investigator rejects a null hypothesis that is actually true in the population
Type II error (error of omission) occurs if the investigator fails to reject a null hypothesis that is actually false in the population.
What is the definition of sensitivity and specificity?
Sensitivity: also called true positive rate; a test’s ability to detect an individual with disease as positive
Specificity: also called true negative rate; a test’s ability to detect an individual who does not have a disease as negative
What is positive predictive value and negative predictive value?
Positive predictive value: the probability that a patient with a positive test result actually has the disease
Negative predictive value: the probability that a patient with a negative test result actually do not have the disease
Define incidence and prevalence.
Incidence: a measure of the number of new cases of a disease that develop in a population in a specified time period
Prevalence: ; the proportion of a population who have a disease in a given time period, regardless of when they first developed the characteristic.