Neonates/Pediatric Flashcards
What is the age cut-off for neonates and pediatrics?
Neonates: birth to 2 weeks old
Pediatrics: 2 weeks old to 6 months old
True or False: Puppies and kittens may have innocent murmur until they are 1 year old.
False
It usually disappears when they are 12 weeks old
True or False: In neonates, glucosuria may be present and it is normal. It is usually disappear after 3 weeks old.
True
What is the source of energy for myocardium in adult and neonate?
Adult: long-chain fatty acid
Neonate: carbohydrate (glucose)
When do puppies autonomic nerve system become mature?
8 weeks old
When does gag reflex develop in neonates?
10 days old
Describe the ideal weight gain in puppies and kittens.
Puppies
- Double their weight in the first 10 days
- Gain 5-10% of their weight per day after that
Kittens
- Double their weight in the first 10 days
- Gain 10-15g per day
When does puppies and kittens’ renal concentration and dilution function mature? What is normal neonates USG at the first few weeks of life?
10 weeks old
Hyposthesuria (1.006–1.0017)
True or False: Lactate concentration are higher in normal puppies than in adult dogs.
True
True or False: Decreased function of phase I metabolic reactions in the liver appear to occur with age in geriatrics and cause decreases in oxidation, reduction, dealkylation, and hydroxylation reactions. Phase II reactions do not appear to be altered.
True
True or False: The neonate has a low-pressure, high-volume, and low peripheral resistance circulatory system.
False
Low-pressure, low-volume, and low peripheral resistance circulatory system
If a 4-day-old puppy is bradycardic, what should you do?
Supply oxygen
In neonates, bradycardia is not vagally mediated and is indicative of hypoxemia → it is far more appropriate to supplement oxygen than to give parasympatholytic agents
Why is the amount of work and pressure required for neonates to maintain tidal breathing is higher than adult?
Due to high compliance of the chest wall
True or False: HCT in neonates are elevated at birth. They usually decreased at 3-weeks and the slowly increases to the adult references.
True
True or False: In normal neonates, ALP and GGT are elevated at the first few weeks of life.
True
The source is likely from colostrum not liver.
In stage 2 of parturition, when is the first puppy and kitten normally delivered?
Puppy: within 4 h of the onset of stage two
- Subsequent births occur every 15 min to 2 h
Kitten: within 1 h of the onset of stage two
- subsequent kittens every 10–60 min
True or False: Shivering and vasoconstrictive reflexes are not developed in newborn.
True
If you are going to use a tight-fitting mask to help neonate expand the lungs, what is the recommended pressure and how long should the pressure be held at?
20-30 cmH2O
3 sec
What is the epinephrine dose for neonates during resuscitation?
0.1-0.3 mg/kg IV
What is the naloxone dose for neonates during resuscitation?
0.1 mg/kg IV
True or False: Before 14 d of age in puppies, there is little effect for atropine, and before 11 d in kittens, there is no effect of atropine on heart rate.
True
What is the maintenance fluid rates for neopnate puppies?
60-180 ml/kg/day
