Transfer of skills Flashcards
What is transfer?
The influence (positive or negative) of the learning and/or performance of one skill on the learning and/or performance of another
5 fundamental movements skills learnt at primary school
Running Jumping Hopping Skipping Walking
What is positive transfer?
One skill helps/aids the learning of another
What is negative transfer?
One skill hinders the learning of another
What is proactive transfer?
Can be positive or negative. When a skill that is being learnt is affected by a skill previously learnt and may affect a skill that is yet to be leant.
What is retroactive transfer?
Can be positive or negative. A skill that is currently being learnt can affect a skill that has already been learnt.
What is bi-lateral transfer?
Can be positive or negative. Transfer a skill from one side of the body to another.
What is the identical elements theory?
The greater the number of elements identical between the two skills, the greater the amount of transfer.
What conditions support positive transfer?
Skills being performed in similar context to the practice environment.
Practice similar to actual skill.
Lots of similar elements to the skill.
Which conditions make negative transfer occur?
Familiar stimulus that requires a new response
May occur due to previous skill or sub routine being learnt incorrectly
practice may be too different to game
How is negative transfer overcome?
Attention must be drawn to the problem so it can be addressed and corrected.
Therefore, negative transfer is temporary
What are the 2 ways bi lateral transfer occurs?
Cognitive - understanding the movements required to carry out the action using the non-preferred side of the body.
Transfer of motor programme - The pattern of movement learnt on one side of the body is used sub consciously when the other side is used.
What are the 2 types of bi lateral transfer?`
Asymmetrical - Practicing with preferred limb until over learnt then do other limb
Symmetrical - practicing skill with both preferred and non-preferred limb at the same time.
How to optimise positive transfer?
Coach need to make performer aware of transferable elements.
Activities should emulate the real game situation.
Each sub routine should be perfected before moving onto another
sub routines should flow smoothly between each other.
How do you limit negative transfer?
Coaches should avoid practicing skills with conflicting elements too closely together.
Coaches draw attention to possible negative transfer to help avoid it.
Coaches avoid too many differing movements patterns that could confuse performers during practice.
