Transcription and Translation

Question 1

gene

Answer 1

segment of the DNA that codes for a single functional protein

Question 2

exons

Answer 2

coding regions; can leave the nucleus

Question 3

itrons

Answer 3

non-coding regions; cannot leave the nucleus

Question 4

Transription

Answer 4

take the DNA and make an RNA copy of it; product is called the transcript

Question 5

translation

Answer 5

take the RNA copy and use it to make a protein

• The process of building a protein using amino acids in the cytoplasm and following the information contained in the mRNA transcript

Question 6

messenger RNA

Answer 6

helps code for proteins

Question 7

Ribosomal RNA

Answer 7

structural component of the ribosome

Question 8

transfer RNA

Answer 8

carries amino acids to the protein being built

Question 9

initiation

Answer 9

finding the start of the gene of interest

Question 10

synthesis of the RNA transcript

Answer 10

copying the gene region into a new RNA molecule

Question 11

termination

Answer 11

separating the RNA transcript from the DNA genome

Question 12

prooter region

Answer 12

where RNA polymerase starts at

Question 13

terminator region

Answer 13

where the coding ends

Question 14

longer the cap and the tail

Answer 14

the longer it will be in the cytosol so it can keep being translated

Question 15

5’ cap

Answer 15

helps protect the mRNA transcript that break down RNA

Question 16

3’ tail:

Answer 16

poly A tail aids in export from nucleus and stability

Question 17

What happens to the protein after translation

Answer 17

• After translation the mRNA transcript may stick around to be translated again
• In bacteria, it will last seconds to minutes
• In mammals, it may last several days
• Eventually it is broken down by enzymes in the cytoplasm

Question 18

protein modification

Answer 18

o Proteolysis: cleavage of protein into different shape/size

o Glycosylation: addition of sugars can