Lecture 1: Biology as A Scientific Discipline Flashcards
What is Science
the observation, identification, experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation of natural phenomena
what is the scientific method
used to test theories/hypotheses or to gather info about something unknown
light micrograph
views living cells
scanning electron micrograph
views surface features
transmission electron micrograph
views internal structures
What is āNā in control groups?
the number of people you include in the experiment
Data is collected in two ways
control and experimental (DIFFER BY ONLY ONE FACTOR)
What is data analysis
averages many data points
Are hypotheses more wrong or right
more often wrong; never really proven
what is a theory
a broad explanation of some aspect of the natural world
Five stages of hypothesis testing/ the scientific method
1) Observations are made
2) observations lead to a hypothesis (testable)
3) experimentation is conducted to determine if predictions are correct
4) data from the experiment are analyzed
5) hypothesis is accepted or rejected
Organization of Life
10) Biosphere
9) ecosystem
8) community
7) population
6) Organism
5) Organs
4) Tissues
3) cells
2) Molecules and macromolecules
1) atoms
Classification
describes the relationship between species; a species is places into progressively smaller groups that are more closely related evolutionary;
emphasized the unity and diversity of different species
taxonomy
the grouping of species based on common ancestry
what are the 3 domains and what do they contain?
Bacteria: unicellular prokaryote
Archaea: unicellular prokaryote
Eukarya: unicellular to multicellular eukaryotes
What are the 4 kingdoms in Eukarya?
Protista, fungi, plantae, and animalia
what is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote?
prokaryote: genetic info is free, no nucleus
eukaryote: genetic info is bound in a nucleus
Why has taxonomic classification begun to change?
due to emerging molecular biology data?
Genome
complete genetic makeup of an organism
Genomics
techniques used to analyze DNA sequences in genomes
WHat can be illuminated by genome analysis?
evolutionary history and relatedness of all living organisms?
Proteomes
complete complement of proteins that a cell or organism can make
Proteomics
techniques used to analyze the proteome of a single species and the comparison of proteomes of different species
Crystal jelly
bioluminescent; makes green fluorescent protein (GFP)
gene for GFP in the jellyfish genome
GFP only expressed in proteome of cells that form glowing spots
adapted as a visualization technique
