Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

[OS 206] 1st Exam > Trans - Perineum and External Genitalia > Flashcards

Trans - Perineum and External Genitalia Flashcards

1
Q

What is immediately anterior to the perineum?

A

Pubic symphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The ischial tuberosities are located _____ to the perineum

A

Lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The anal canal is found in the

A

Anal triangle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What encloses the urogenital triangle?

A

Perineal membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ischiocavernosus: action

A

Forces blood from cavernous spaces in crura into distal parts of corpora cavernosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What muscles compress the bulb of the penis and the corpora spongiosum?

A

Bulbospongiosus

Bulbocavernosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aids pelvic diaphragm in supporting pelvic viscera

A

Superficial transverse perineal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bartholin’s gland: function

A

Lubricates vaginal canal by secreting mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is located immediately inferior to the deep perineal space?

A

Perineal membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Most prominent blood vessel in the deep perineal space

A

Deep dorsal vein of the penis / clitoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lubricates and cleanses the urethra during ejaculation

A

Cowper’s gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The deep post-anal space is where the ____ communicate

A

Ischiorectal fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Medial boundary of the ischiorectal fossa

A

External anal sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What nerves are in the ischiorectal fossa?

A
  1. Perforating cutaneous branches of S2 and S3

2. Perineal branch of S4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Voluntary sphincter surrounding the inferior 2/3 of the anal canal

A

External anal sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Prolapse of the bladder and / or uterus is caused by:

A

Stretching or tearing of the perineal body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Location of the perineal body

A

Central point of perineum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What four muscles converge at the central point of the perineum?

A
  1. Bulbocavernosus
  2. Superficial transverse perineal
  3. External anal sphincter
  4. Levator ani
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The central point of the perineum is important because:

A

It determines whether the surgeon should go medial or mediolateral during an episiotomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Episiotomy: definition

A

Surgical incision of perineum and interoposterior vaginal wall performed just prior to delivery to prevent perineal lacerations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

This type of episiotomy heals faster

A

Medial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Episiotomy in which muscles are severed

A

Mediolateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why are mediolateral episiotomies done?

A

If the length of the perineal body is less than 3mm, a mediolateral episiotomy must be performed to prevent complications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Perineal lacerations are often caused by

A

Unprotected childbirth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What muscles are involved in a first degree perineal laceration?

A

None

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

T/F: A second degree perineal laceration does not involve urogenital structures

A

F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What muscle is cut in a third degree perineal laceration?

A

External anal sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Primary function of external genitalia

A

Copulation and parturition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

T/F: During the sixth week of gestation, genitalia can be differentiated

A

F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

At what age of gestation are sex indicators present?

A

Seventh week AOG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The phallus is formed from what embryonic structure

A

Genital tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

In males, the urethral plate is formed from what embryonic structure

A

Epithelial lining of groove from endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

At what age of gestation is the penile urethra formed?

A

3rd month AOG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

When is the definitive external urethral meatus formed?

A

4th month AOG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What structure moves caudally to form the scrotal swellings?

A

Genital swellings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What embryonic structure becomes the clitoris?

A

Genital tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

In females, the urethral folds form the _______

A

Labia minora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The labia majora are formed when the _______ enlarge greatly

A

Genital swellings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

The area between the hymen and the labia majora

A

Vestibule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Male copulatory organ and outlet for urine and semen

A

Penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Location of the root of the penis

A

Superficial perineal pouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What structure attaches to the pubis?

A

Crura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What muscles compose the root of the penis?

A

Ischiocavernosus

Bulbospongiosus

44
Q

Swollen end of the corpus spongiosum

A

Glans

45
Q

Skin that covers the glans penis

A

Prepuce

46
Q

Fold on ventral surface of the penis from urethral meatus to corona

A

Frenulum

47
Q

Enumerate the cavernous bodies

A
  1. Corpora cavernosa

2. Corpora spongiosa

48
Q

Ends distally to form the glans

A

Corpus spongiosum

49
Q

Structure that encloses each corpus

A

Tunica albuginea

50
Q

Encloses all three corpora

A

Buck’s fascia

51
Q

Anchors erectile bodies of penis to the pubic symphysis

A

Suspensory ligament of the penis

52
Q

Fibromuscular sac for the testis and associated structures

A

Scrotum

53
Q

Causes the wrinkling of the scrotum with age

A

Dartos muscle

54
Q

Demarcates the midline of the scrotum

A

Scrotal raphe

55
Q

Function of the scrotum

A

Maintains a constant temperature ideal for sperm development and maturation – scrotal sac contracts when cold, relaxes when warm/hot

56
Q

Function of testes

A

Sperm production

Hormone secretion

57
Q

Cells that produce testosterone

A

Leydig cells

58
Q

Remains of the peritoneum that covers the testes

A

Tunica vaginalis

59
Q

In the 28th week AOG, the testes are located ________

A

In the inguinal canal, descending to the scrotum

60
Q

Structure wherein sperm mature

A

Epididymis

61
Q

Sensory and erectile tissue for sexual arousal and intercourse in females

A

Vulva / pudenda

62
Q

Structure anterior to the pubic symphysis, pubic tubercles, and superior pubic rami in females

A

Mons pubis

63
Q

Prominent folds of skin located on the sides of the pudendal cleft

A

Labia majora

64
Q

Continuation of the Scarpa’s fascia in the perineum

A

Colles’ fascia

65
Q

Structure that immediately surrounds the vestibule

A

Labia minora

66
Q

Erectile organ located at the anterior junction of the left and right labia minora

A

Clitoris

67
Q

Structure that immediately surrounds the vaginal orifice

A

Hymen

68
Q

Structure that secretes mucus into the vestibule during sexual arousal

A

Bartholin’s gland

69
Q

Location of Bartholin’s gland

A

Superficial perineal pouch

70
Q

Paired masses of elongated erectile tissue found along the sides of the vaginal orifice

A

Bulbs of the vestibule

71
Q

Difference between a penis and clitoris (structurally)

A

Clitoris does not have corpus spongiosum

72
Q

The dorsal artery to the penis/clitoris is a branch of the _________

A

Internal pudendal artery

73
Q

T/F: The main artery of the vulva is called the external pudendal artery

A

T

74
Q

Collects blood from the venous plexus, draining the cavernous spaces

A

Deep dorsal vein of the penis

75
Q

Lymphatic drainage from the glans and distal spongy urethra proceeds to what lymph nodes?

A

Deep inguinal and external iliac

76
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the glans of the clitoris and anterior labia majora

A

Deep inguinal nodes

77
Q

T/F: Sympathetic stimulation produces increased vaginal secretion, erection of clitoris, and engorgement of bulbs of the vestibule

A

F. Parasympathetic stimulation is what causes these responses

78
Q

Provides sensory and sympathetic innervation to the glans and skin of the penis

A

Dorsal nerve of the penis

79
Q

Nerve that supplies the anterior aspect of the vulva

A

Anterior labial nerve

80
Q

Boundaries of the deep perineal space

A

Inferior - perineal membrane
Superior - inferior fascia of pelvic diaphragm
Lateral - obturator fascia

81
Q

Males: Cowper’s gland :: Females: ________

A

Bartholin’s gland

82
Q

Boundaries of ischiorectal fossa

A

Anterior - base of urogenital diaphragm and fascia
Posterior - gluteus maximus, sacrotuberous ligament
Lateral - ischium, obturator internus
Medial - external anal sphincter
Superomedial - levator ani

83
Q

Contents of ischiorectal fossa

A

Fat
Inferior rectal vessels
Inferior rectal nerves

84
Q

Parts of external anal sphincter

A
  1. Subcutaneous - circular part
  2. Superficial - elliptical part (central tendon to tip of coccyx)
  3. Deep - circular, overlaps internal anal sphincter
85
Q

Muscles affected in 2nd degree perineal laceration

A

Posterior portion of superficial transverse perineal, bulbocavernosus

86
Q

Muscles affectied in 3rd degree perineal laceration

A

Muscles cut in 2nd degree laceration

External anal sphincter

87
Q

Muscles affected in 2nd degree perineal laceration

A

Muscles cut in 2nd and 3rd degree laceration

Anterior wall of rectum (lumen of rectum exposed)

88
Q

T/F: urethral folds in females fuse to form the clitoris

A

F, they do not fuse, forming the labia minora

89
Q

opening of urogenital groove to surface in females

A

vestibule

90
Q

root of the penis is composed of:

A

Crura - attached to pubis
Bulb of the urethra/penis
Ischiocavernosus, bulbocavernosus

91
Q

Part of the penis overhanging the neck of the glans

A

corona

92
Q

What structure lies between the tunica albuginea and Buck’s fascia

A

Internal pudendal vessels

93
Q

What structure lies between the loose CT layers and Buck’s fascia

A

superficial dorsal vein of the penis

94
Q

Elongation of tunica dartos that divides the scrotum into 2 compartments

A

scrotal septum

95
Q

midline of the scrotum

A

scrotal raphe

96
Q

the scrotal raphe is continuous with:

A

penile raphe in the penis

perineal raphe in the perineum

97
Q

Composed of connective tissue continuous with subcutaneous tissue of abdominal wall, and Colle’s fascia

A

Dartos fascia

98
Q

which testis is usually suspended more inferiorly

A

left

99
Q

the testes enter the scrotum at around:

A

32nd week of gestation

100
Q

Presence of excess fluid in a persistent processus vaginalis

A

Hydrocoele

101
Q

Dilated and tortous veins in the pampiniform plexus may result in

A

Varicocoele

102
Q

The termination of the round ligament of the uterus is at the

A

atnerior portion of labia majora

103
Q

Paraurethral glands open where?

A

on each side of the urethral orifice

104
Q

Lesser vestibular glands open where?

A

between urethral and vaginal orifices

105
Q

function of lesser vestibular glands

A

mucous secretion

[OS 206] 1st Exam (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions