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[OS 206] 1st Exam > Trans - Male and Female Internal Genitalia > Flashcards

Trans - Male and Female Internal Genitalia Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Some parts of the male internal genitalia are intraperitoneal, some are retroperitoneal

A

F. All are retroperitoneal

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2
Q

Components of the male internal genitalia

A

Glands – prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper’s gland

Ducts – ductus deferens, ejaculatory ducts, urethra

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3
Q

Shape of the prostate

A

Tetrahedral, walnut-shaped

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4
Q

The prostate is traversed by:

A

Prostatic urethra, 2 ejaculatory ducts

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5
Q

Parts of the urethra

A

Prostatic
Membranous
Spongy

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6
Q

Prostatic ducts open into what structure

A

Prostatic sinuses

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7
Q

T/F: Prostatic fluid is only secreted prior to ejaculation

A

F. Continuous secretion, with a ~2000 fold increase during ejaculation

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8
Q

T/F: The prostate has a true fibrous capsule

A

F

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9
Q

What region of the prostate is most predisposed to cancer? Why?

A

Posterior region, because of its glandular nature

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10
Q

Cholinergic innervations of the prostate

A

Nervi erigentes

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11
Q

Function of sphincter vesicae

A

Prevent retrograde ejaculation

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12
Q

Benign prostatic hypertrophy is usually related to what lobes?

A

Anterior and middle

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13
Q

Prostatic carcinoma is usually related to what lobes?

A

Posterior

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14
Q

Seminal vesicle secretes fluid containing ________ and _________

A

Fructose for sperm nutrition

Fibrinogen as a coagulating agent

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15
Q

The ampulla of the ductus deferens is located (medially/laterally)________ to the seminal vesicle

A

Medially

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16
Q

Seminal vesicle: arterial supply

A

Inferior vesical artery

Middle rectal artery

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17
Q

Seminal vesicle: venous drainage

A

Inferior vesical vein

Middle rectal vein

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18
Q

Cowper’s glands are also known as

A

Bulbourethral glands

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19
Q

Characteristics of the first part of the ejaculate

A

Prostatic and sperm-rich

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20
Q

Characteristics of the second part of the ejaculate

A

Seminal and sperm-poor

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21
Q

PSA test screens for:

A

Prostate cancer

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22
Q

Normal values when analyzing semen

A

60 million
60% normal shape
60% normal forward motility

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23
Q

4 digital rectal exam positions

A
  1. Ambulatory – standing with knees bent
  2. Knee-chest position
  3. Modified lithotomy – patient on back, knees flexed
  4. For bedridden patients – left latera/Sims position
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24
Q

Benign prostatic hypertrophy usually involves what lobe

A

Anterior

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25
Q

Urinary PCA 3 is a genetic marker test for early detection of __________

A

Prostatic cancer

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26
Q

T/F: Ovarian follicles are seen in gross anatomy dissections

A

F, they are only seen histologically

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27
Q

Ligament that attaches the anterior border of the ovary to the broad ligament of the uterus

A

Mesovarium

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28
Q

Ligament that suspends tubal pole of ovary to external iliac vessels

A

Infundibulopelvic ligament

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29
Q

Ligament that attaches uterine pole of ovary to lateral margin of uterus

A

Ovarian ligament

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30
Q

Epithelium of Fallopian tubes

A

Ciliated columnar

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31
Q

Site of fertilization

A

Ampulla of uterine tubes

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32
Q

Where fimbrae are located

A

Infundibulum

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33
Q

Ectopic pregnancy: definition

A

Pregnancy outside the uterus

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34
Q

T/F: The normal uterine position is retroverted

A

F. The normal uterine position is anteverted

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35
Q

Parts of the cervix

A
  1. Supravaginal – above the vagina

2. Portio vaginalis – within the vagina

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36
Q

Layers of the uterus

A
  1. Endometrium – shed off during menstruation
  2. Myometrium – muscular layer
  3. Serosa – peritoneal coat
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37
Q

Uterine abnormalities

A
  1. Bicornuate – 2 uteri
  2. Septate – no complete separation of 2 uteri, with septum
  3. Unicornuate – only one Mullerian duct matures
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38
Q

Components of broad ligament of uterus

A
  1. Mesosalpinx - attached to fallopian tubes
  2. Mesovarium – attached to ovaries
  3. Mesometrium – attached to uterus
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39
Q

Female: mesovarium :: Male: _________

A

Mesorchium

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40
Q

Condensations of connective tissue around blood vessels at the base of the broad ligaments

A

Cardinals

41
Q

Transverse cardinal that helps prevent uterine prolapse

A

Mackenrodt’s Ligament

42
Q

Homologous structures

Female: round ligament :: Male: __________

A

Ductus deferens

43
Q

Ligaments that attach posterior uterine wall to sacrum

A

Uterosacrals

44
Q

Separates vaginal orifice from anal opening

A

Perineal body

45
Q

Contributes to closure of the vagina

A

Sphincter vaginae

46
Q

Epithelium of ectocervix

A

stratified squamous

47
Q

Epithelium of endocervix

A

columnar

48
Q

Main artery of internal genitalia

A

Internal iliac artery

49
Q

Gonadal arteries arise from the ________

A

Aorta

50
Q

Superior rectal artery arises from the ____________

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

51
Q

Most variable branch of the internal iliac artery

A

Obturator artery

52
Q

Parietal branches of the anterior division of internal iliac artery

A
  1. Obturator artery
  2. Inferior gluteal artery
  3. Internal pudendal artery
53
Q

Visceral branches of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery

A
  1. Obliterated umbilical artery
  2. Inferior vesical artery
  3. Middle rectal artery
  4. Uterine/vaginal artery
54
Q

Parietal branches of the posterior division of the internal iliac artery

A
  1. Iliolumbar artery
  2. Lateral sacral artery
  3. Superior gluteal artery
55
Q

Venous plexuses of the internal genitalia drain into the _________

A

Internal iliac vein

56
Q

Venous plexuses of the internal genitalia

A
  1. Vesical
  2. Prostatic or Uterine/Vaginal
  3. Rectal
57
Q

Somatic innervation of the internal genitalia

A
  1. Sacral plexus – L4-L5, S1-S3, partly S4

2. Coccygeal plexus – S4, S5, coccygeal nerves

58
Q

Sympathetic innervation of internal genitalia

A
  1. Sacral sympathetic trunk
  2. Hypogastric nerves
    3, Pudendal nerve
  3. Nerve to levator ani
59
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of internal genitalia

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves – nervi erigentes

60
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of internal genitalia controls ________

A

Relaxation of arteries to penis/clitoris, causing erection

61
Q

Surfaces of the prostate

A
  1. Superior - blends with bladder
  2. Inferolateral - lies on levator ani
  3. Inferoposterior - lies on rectum
  4. Apex - where urethra emerges
62
Q

Lobes of the prostate

A
  1. Anterior
  2. Median/Middle
  3. Posterior
  4. Right and Left Lateral
63
Q

Significance of prostatic lobes

A

Used as landmarks in endoscopy and digital rectal examinations

64
Q

Lobe mainly composed of fibromuscular tissue

A

Anterior lobe

65
Q

Also called isthmus of the prostate

A

Anterior lobe

66
Q

Lobe between urethra and prostatic duct

A

Median/Middle lobe

67
Q

Lobe closest to the finger during digital rectal exam

A

Posterior lobe

68
Q

Lobe of the prostate inferior to the bladder neck

A

Right lateral lobe

Left lateral lobe

69
Q

Zones of the prostate

A
  1. anterior
  2. transitional
  3. central
  4. peripheral
70
Q

Basis of prostatic zones

A

Histological landmarks

71
Q

Significance of prostatic zones

A

Useful in pathology

72
Q

The urethra is in which zone of the prostate

A

Transitional

73
Q

The anterior lobe/transitional zone comprise what percent of prostatic gland volume?

A

5%

74
Q

The median lobe/central zone comprise what percent of prostatic gland volume?

A

25%

75
Q

The posterior lobe/peripheral zone comprise what percent of prostatic gland volume?

A

70%

76
Q

The posterior prostatic lobe surrounds what part of the urethra?

A

Distal

77
Q

The middle prostatic lobe surrounds what structure?

A

Ejaculatory ducts

78
Q

The anterior prostatic lobe surrounds which part of the urethra?

A

Proximal

79
Q

Seminal vesicle hyperplasia often causes ________

A

Compression of urethra and distension of bladder

80
Q

Tortuous, branching diverticula from the ampullated ends of the ductus deferens

A

Seminal vesicles

81
Q

Prostate size is dependent upon ________

A

Hormones

82
Q

Prostate: arterial supply

A

Prostatic arteries from inferior vesical arteries

83
Q

Prostate: venous drainage

A

Prostatic plexus draining into internal iliac veins

84
Q

Prostate: lymphatic drainage

A

Major - internal iliac lymph nodes

Minor - sacral lymph nodes

85
Q

pH of semen

A

7.5 (slightly alkaline to counteract vaginal acidity)

86
Q

Percent contribution into semen of the ff:

a. Prostate
b. Seminal vesicle
c. Epididymis
d. Sperm cells

A

a. 15-30%
b. 50-80%
c. ~10%
d. 1-2%

87
Q

Gives semen its odor

A

spermine

88
Q

Functions in semen liquefaction

A

Plasminogen activator, seminin

89
Q

Inflammation of the prostate

A

Prostatitis

90
Q

PCA3 score: importance

A

to determine possible risks from prostatic cancer

91
Q

PCA3 score: computation

A

PCA3 / PSAmRNA

PSA = prostate specific antigen
PCA = number of overexpressed genes
92
Q

higher PCA3 score means:

A

more predisposition for hyperplasia or cancer

93
Q

female adnexa is composed of

A

ovaries and fallopian tubes

94
Q

why is the ovary not covered by peritoneum?

A

to allow follicles to rupture and ova to be released into the peritoneal cavity

95
Q

Highly vascularized area in ovary

A

medulla

96
Q

Vestigial tubular structures in mesosalpinx that are the remnants of the mesonephric tubules

A

Epoophoron and paraophoron

97
Q

circular gutter around cervix forms:

A

vaginal fornices

98
Q

Components of prostatic fluid

A
  1. Zinc
  2. Citrate
  3. Spermine
  4. Cholesterol, Lipids
  5. Plasminogen activator
  6. Seminin
  7. Acid phosphatase
  8. PSA (seminin, seminal protease, 9. chymotrypsin-like protease)
  9. Electrolytes
  10. Glucose

[OS 206] 1st Exam (12 decks)

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