tranlecture2 Flashcards
what does activation of M3 receptors in blood vessels endothelium lead to
increased NO production and relaxation of the smooth muscles and increase the blood flow into the organs. But has the opposite effect if the M3 is activated in the smooth muscle directly.
what types of things damage the vascular endothelium what helps it.
smoking athrosclerosis high blood pressure, exercise has a protective effect.
what is the effect of M3 activation on sphincter
mostly relaxation except the lower esophogeal sphincter
what does M3 activation do to glands
secretion in sweat and salination and lacrimation
what does stimulation of the adrenal medulla Nn produce
secretion of the epinephrine and NE
what does Nn stimulation in the autonomic ganglia do
depends on the innervation dominance
what is the response of neuromuscular junction with Nm
stimulation twitch /hyperactivity of skeletal muscke
what are the two type of cholinomimetic drugs
direct and indirect acting
how does a direct acting cholinomimetics bind
directy to and activare the Nm or Nn receptors
how does a indirect acting drug work
produce effect by inhibiting the action of acetylcholinesterae thus preventing the destruction of endogenous ACH
what are some direct acting cholinoceptor agonists
acetylcholine but has a short half life not very useful, methacholine , carachol, and bethanechol
what is the nicotinic action of bethanechol
none
where are bethanechols used clinically
ileus, urinary retention
where are carbachols used
glaucoma
where is methcholine used
bronchial hypereactivity
how do we administer acetycholine
IV only because of short half life.
what receptors does aceytcholine work on
M3 because of greater affinity than higher dose at M2 as well.
what will happen if you have a vasospasm and you add actycholine
it will relax but on a fixed narrowing it will have no effect.
what happens when you use methacholine to test bronchiolar hypersensitivity
it will activate the M3 and bronchial constrict. Helps to diagnosed ashma if lung function drops below 20%
what are some side effects of carbachol
high dose can cause cardiac arrest.
where is carbachol used
relieve eye pressure open canal of schlemm
when would you use bethanechol
after surgery for gastic atony lower esophogeal sphincter contriction to reduce acid reflux, gastic emptying abnormalities, and urinary retention, in absence of obstruction.
what is muscarine
compound from mushrooms with 100 x the affinity of Acetycholine.
where is pilocarpine used
glaucoma drug of choice acts on M3, xerostomia to increase saliva secretion, and to test on autonomic state.
what is the contraindication of direct acting agonists
peptic ulcers increase bleeding, Gi tract disorders IBS, and for Asthma patients because causes an attack
what are some drugs that have antimuscarinic agonists
quinidine and procainamide both antiarrhythmics, tricyclic antidepressants.
what is the action of Nm receptors to nicotine
skeletal muscle contraction fasciculation spasms, and depolarizing blockade
what is the actoin of Nn receptors to nicotine
up Heart rate gut motility secretion repitory rate nauea and vomiting, down pheripheral vasoconstrictoin
what are the cholinestease inhibitors where they are used and what are some characteristics.
see chart slide 49
what are the symptoms of intoxication of cholinesterae inhibitors
dumbbellss, diarrhea, urination,miosis,brochiolar constriction, bradycardia, excitementof CNS, lacrimation, sweating, salivation.
what is the antidote for intoxication of cholinesterase inhibitors
atropine by binding to the drugs that was overdosed and freeing the esterase and then you will need to pralidoxim both help.
