tranlecture2

Question 1

what does activation of M3 receptors in blood vessels endothelium lead to

Answer 1

increased NO production and relaxation of the smooth muscles and increase the blood flow into the organs. But has the opposite effect if the M3 is activated in the smooth muscle directly.

Question 2

what types of things damage the vascular endothelium what helps it.

Answer 2

smoking athrosclerosis high blood pressure, exercise has a protective effect.

Question 3

what is the effect of M3 activation on sphincter

Answer 3

mostly relaxation except the lower esophogeal sphincter

Question 4

what does M3 activation do to glands

Answer 4

secretion in sweat and salination and lacrimation

Question 5

what does stimulation of the adrenal medulla Nn produce

Answer 5

secretion of the epinephrine and NE

Question 6

what does Nn stimulation in the autonomic ganglia do

Answer 6

depends on the innervation dominance

Question 7

what is the response of neuromuscular junction with Nm

Answer 7

stimulation twitch /hyperactivity of skeletal muscke

Question 8

what are the two type of cholinomimetic drugs

Answer 8

direct and indirect acting

Question 9

how does a direct acting cholinomimetics bind

Answer 9

directy to and activare the Nm or Nn receptors

Question 10

how does a indirect acting drug work

Answer 10

produce effect by inhibiting the action of acetylcholinesterae thus preventing the destruction of endogenous ACH

Question 11

what are some direct acting cholinoceptor agonists

Answer 11

acetylcholine but has a short half life not very useful, methacholine , carachol, and bethanechol

Question 12

what is the nicotinic action of bethanechol

Answer 12

none

Question 13

where are bethanechols used clinically

Answer 13

ileus, urinary retention

Question 14

where are carbachols used

Answer 14

glaucoma

Question 15

where is methcholine used

Answer 15

bronchial hypereactivity

Question 16

how do we administer acetycholine

Answer 16

IV only because of short half life.

Question 17

what receptors does aceytcholine work on

Answer 17

M3 because of greater affinity than higher dose at M2 as well.

Question 18

what will happen if you have a vasospasm and you add actycholine

Answer 18

it will relax but on a fixed narrowing it will have no effect.

Question 19

what happens when you use methacholine to test bronchiolar hypersensitivity

Answer 19

it will activate the M3 and bronchial constrict. Helps to diagnosed ashma if lung function drops below 20%

Question 20

what are some side effects of carbachol

Answer 20

high dose can cause cardiac arrest.

Question 21

where is carbachol used

Answer 21

relieve eye pressure open canal of schlemm

Question 22

when would you use bethanechol

Answer 22

after surgery for gastic atony lower esophogeal sphincter contriction to reduce acid reflux, gastic emptying abnormalities, and urinary retention, in absence of obstruction.

Question 23

what is muscarine

Answer 23

compound from mushrooms with 100 x the affinity of Acetycholine.

Question 24

where is pilocarpine used

Answer 24

glaucoma drug of choice acts on M3, xerostomia to increase saliva secretion, and to test on autonomic state.

Question 25

what is the contraindication of direct acting agonists

Answer 25

peptic ulcers increase bleeding, Gi tract disorders IBS, and for Asthma patients because causes an attack

Question 26

what are some drugs that have antimuscarinic agonists

Answer 26

quinidine and procainamide both antiarrhythmics, tricyclic antidepressants.

Question 27

what is the action of Nm receptors to nicotine

Answer 27

skeletal muscle contraction fasciculation spasms, and depolarizing blockade

Question 28

what is the actoin of Nn receptors to nicotine

Answer 28

up Heart rate gut motility secretion repitory rate nauea and vomiting, down pheripheral vasoconstrictoin

Question 29

what are the cholinestease inhibitors where they are used and what are some characteristics.

Answer 29

see chart slide 49

Question 30

what are the symptoms of intoxication of cholinesterae inhibitors

Answer 30

dumbbellss, diarrhea, urination,miosis,brochiolar constriction, bradycardia, excitementof CNS, lacrimation, sweating, salivation.

Question 31

what is the antidote for intoxication of cholinesterase inhibitors

Answer 31

atropine by binding to the drugs that was overdosed and freeing the esterase and then you will need to pralidoxim both help.