tranlecture1

Question 1

what are two outflows in the parasympathetic division

Answer 1

cranial and sacral

Question 2

what is the outflows of the sympathetic division

Answer 2

lumbar and thoracic

Question 3

tell me about the length of the nerves in the parasympathetic division

Answer 3

long pre synaptic short post synaptic neurons

Question 4

tell me about the enteric division

Answer 4

receives input from both sympathetic and parasympathetic division but can function on its own, controls motility of the gut

Question 5

what are the two plexus of the enteric division and what do they control

Answer 5

myentreric controls motility, and submucosal plexus controls ion and fluid transport.

Question 6

tell me about dual innervation and how it works.

Answer 6

both sympathetic and parasympathetic system innervate most organs but they are not directly antagonist to each other they have different sites of activation or inhibition.

Question 7

what are the exception of dual innervation

Answer 7

only sympathetic hair follicles, thermoregulatory seat gland, liver adrenal glands, and kidney, and two systems producing similar rather than opposing effects in the salivary glands. Sympathetic still produces saliva but constrics the vessels for delivery.

Question 8

what do all preganglionic fibers use what and have what kind of receptors

Answer 8

acetyl choline nicotinic receptors

Question 9

what type of neurotransmitter is used for post ganglionic neurons

Answer 9

neuropanephrine usually for sympatheitcs acetyl choline for parasympatehics

Question 10

what is the homotropic interactions

Answer 10

feed back mechanism that has receptors for what its sending out to slow down the release of neurotransmitters

Question 11

what is heterotropic interactions

Answer 11

when you have a receptor for the neurotransmitter of the other system that will inhibit the release of its own neurotransmitter giving you an opposing effect.

Question 12

what is withdrawal rebound hyperactivity/ disuse hyperactivity

Answer 12

when you don’t use a system it will increase the number of receptors to compensate so a normal dose will overstimulate the system.

Question 13

what is co-transmission

Answer 13

when a neuron will release more than one transmitter or modulator each of which will interact with specific receptors and produce different effects.

Question 14

what are the target steps for pharmacologic therapy

Answer 14

synthesis, storage, release, receptor effects, termination of action.

Question 15

what is the most common site for target in therapy

Answer 15

the receptor is the most common site.

Question 16

what are the two main types of cholinergic receptors

Answer 16

muscarinic g protein coupled receptors usually activated by acytl choline, and nicotinic are ion channel and uses acetlycholine as well.

Question 17

what are autonomic receptors in the eye

Answer 17

sphincter constrictor muscle of the eye M3, and Ciliary muscle M3. Radial constrictor muscle A1ciliary muscle B2

Question 18

what happens to the pressure inside of the eye

Answer 18

stimulate the M3 will open the canal on the ciliary and open the pathway with the sphincter constrictor muscle.

Question 19

so with m3 activation does what to the eye

Answer 19

miosis and accommodation

Question 20

what happends with activation of A1 or B2 in the eye

Answer 20

Alpha 1 gives you mydriasis and Beta 2 gives you paralysis of accommodation or cyclopegia

Question 21

what do M2 receptors in the heart do

Answer 21

slope of phase 1 in the SA cells will be deceases because of slower calcium channels will cause a decrease in heart rate.

Question 22

what nervous system uses muscarinic receptors

Answer 22

parasympathetic

Question 23

what is the effect of M3 receptors in the lungs

Answer 23

contraction causing bronchospasm, and narrowing of the lumen

Question 24

what happens with muscarinn in the GI tract

Answer 24

stomach M3 motility cramps, glands M1 secretion, intestine M3 contraction diarrhea and defecation

Question 25

what happens with M3 receptors activation of the bladder

Answer 25

contract detrusor voiding and urinary incontinence.