tranlecture1 Flashcards
what are two outflows in the parasympathetic division
cranial and sacral
what is the outflows of the sympathetic division
lumbar and thoracic
tell me about the length of the nerves in the parasympathetic division
long pre synaptic short post synaptic neurons
tell me about the enteric division
receives input from both sympathetic and parasympathetic division but can function on its own, controls motility of the gut
what are the two plexus of the enteric division and what do they control
myentreric controls motility, and submucosal plexus controls ion and fluid transport.
tell me about dual innervation and how it works.
both sympathetic and parasympathetic system innervate most organs but they are not directly antagonist to each other they have different sites of activation or inhibition.
what are the exception of dual innervation
only sympathetic hair follicles, thermoregulatory seat gland, liver adrenal glands, and kidney, and two systems producing similar rather than opposing effects in the salivary glands. Sympathetic still produces saliva but constrics the vessels for delivery.
what do all preganglionic fibers use what and have what kind of receptors
acetyl choline nicotinic receptors
what type of neurotransmitter is used for post ganglionic neurons
neuropanephrine usually for sympatheitcs acetyl choline for parasympatehics
what is the homotropic interactions
feed back mechanism that has receptors for what its sending out to slow down the release of neurotransmitters
what is heterotropic interactions
when you have a receptor for the neurotransmitter of the other system that will inhibit the release of its own neurotransmitter giving you an opposing effect.
what is withdrawal rebound hyperactivity/ disuse hyperactivity
when you don’t use a system it will increase the number of receptors to compensate so a normal dose will overstimulate the system.
what is co-transmission
when a neuron will release more than one transmitter or modulator each of which will interact with specific receptors and produce different effects.
what are the target steps for pharmacologic therapy
synthesis, storage, release, receptor effects, termination of action.
what is the most common site for target in therapy
the receptor is the most common site.
what are the two main types of cholinergic receptors
muscarinic g protein coupled receptors usually activated by acytl choline, and nicotinic are ion channel and uses acetlycholine as well.
what are autonomic receptors in the eye
sphincter constrictor muscle of the eye M3, and Ciliary muscle M3. Radial constrictor muscle A1ciliary muscle B2
what happens to the pressure inside of the eye
stimulate the M3 will open the canal on the ciliary and open the pathway with the sphincter constrictor muscle.
so with m3 activation does what to the eye
miosis and accommodation
what happends with activation of A1 or B2 in the eye
Alpha 1 gives you mydriasis and Beta 2 gives you paralysis of accommodation or cyclopegia
what do M2 receptors in the heart do
slope of phase 1 in the SA cells will be deceases because of slower calcium channels will cause a decrease in heart rate.
what nervous system uses muscarinic receptors
parasympathetic
what is the effect of M3 receptors in the lungs
contraction causing bronchospasm, and narrowing of the lumen
what happens with muscarinn in the GI tract
stomach M3 motility cramps, glands M1 secretion, intestine M3 contraction diarrhea and defecation
what happens with M3 receptors activation of the bladder
contract detrusor voiding and urinary incontinence.
