lecture3 Flashcards
what is a partial agonist
a drug that produces a lower maximal response as compared to the agonist, less efficacious, but may have same or different potency
what is the ED50
dose at which 50% of the individuals exhibit a specific quantal effect
what is the TD50
dose at which a specific toxic effect occurs in 50% of the individuals tested
what is the LD50
dose that is lethal for 50% of individuals tested. This is experimentally defined in animal testing.
what is the TI or therapeutic index
the therapeutic index TD50/ED50 the greater the window or ratio between the TD50 and the Ed50 the safer the drug is for a patient.
what is tolerance
decrease in drug response following repeated administration of the drug, can cause down regulation or other things. A shift to the right.
what is sensitization
reverse tolerance here there is an increase in drug response following repeated exposure to a drug. A shift to the left.
what is an additive effect
occurs when two drugs given in combination produce a response that is consistent with each agents potency 20+20=40
what is a synergistic effect
would be a response that is magnified beyond the sum of either agents potency 20+20=90?
what is the four parts of pharmacokinetics
absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination
what is absorption
the movement of an agent from the site of administration into the circulation
what are the major routes of administration
oral, transdermal, parenteral, inhalational
what is the most common route of administration and what are some obsticale of this route
Oral, but it must survive gi tract and liver.
what are the benefits of buccal or sublingual and rectal
buccal survives first pass quick but can irritate, rectal can pass 50% of liver but uncomfortable
what are the advantages of intravenous
it will go directly into the blood, but once its in you have less room for error.
