Training - Chapter 8

Question 1

Kirkpatrick’s criteria refer to the training programs ultimate value to the company

Answer 1

Results

Question 2

It is more likely to happen when trainers maximize the similarity between training and the job situation

Answer 2

Transfer of Training

Question 3

The key for good training that could be simplified by the acronym IDPF

Answer 3

Information, demonstration, practice, feedback

Question 4

Criteria that reflect how much of the material is actually learned in the training program

Answer 4

Behavioral

Question 5

These must be present for work simulator training to be affective

Answer 5

Physical and psychological fidelity

Question 6

Formal procedures that a company utilized to facilitate learning so that the resultant behavior contributes to the attainment of the company’s goals and objectives
- planned effort by an organization to facilitate the learning, retention and transfer of a job related behavior in employees

Answer 6

Training

Question 7

Relatively permanent change in behavior and human capabilities produced by experience and practice

Answer 7

Learning

Question 8

Distributed practice

Answer 8

Training that is divided into segments, w/ rest periods in between

Question 9

Massed practice

Answer 9

Training that takes place at one time, w/o breaks

Question 10

Process of giving trainees continued practice even after they have appeared to master the behavior, resulting in high levels of learning

Answer 10

Overlearning

Question 11

Extent to which the material, skills, or procedures learned in training are taken back to the job and used by the employee in some regular fashion

Answer 11

Transfer of Training

Question 12

What are the two types of transfer training?

Answer 12

Positive transfer: hope is that what is learned in the training program will improve job performance

Negative transfer: performance declines as a results of training

Question 13

What are the 3 categories of learning outcomes?

Answer 13

Cognitive outcomes: declarative knowledge (rules, facts, principles)

Skill-based outcomes- being able to DO something (motor or technical skills)

Affective outcomes - attitudes or beliefs that impact behavior

Question 14

Physical fidelity

Answer 14

Extent to which the operation of the equipment mimics that in the real world

Question 15

Psychological fidelity

Answer 15

Extent to which the behavioral processes needed for success on the job are also necessary for success in the training stimulation

Question 16

Feedback

Answer 16

Knowledge of results

• provides info, so changes can be made to behaviors
• makes learning process more interesting and increases motivation to learn
• leads to goal setting for improving performance

Question 17

• Occurs when tasks can be performed with limited attention
• likely to develop when learners are given extra learning opportunities(over learning) after they have demonstrated mastery of task

Answer 17

Automacity

Question 18

Fidelity

Answer 18

Extent to which task trained is similar to task required by job

Question 19

Whole learning

Answer 19

When entire task is practiced at once

- more effective when complex task has a relatively high organization

Question 20

Part learning

Answer 20

When sub tasks are practiced separately and later combined
-more effective when complex task has low organization
Ex: surgeons and pilots

Question 21

4 types of transfer of training and definitions

Answer 21

1) positive transfer: training improves performance
2) negative transfer: performance declined after training
3) horizontal transfer: across settings at same level in organization
4) vertical transfer: across levels in organization( individual training translating to team outcomes)

Question 22

Characteristics of a positive transfer

Answer 22

• early socialization indicating training is important
• continuous learning culture
• adequate peer and supervisor support
• opportunities to use learned capabilities
• access to equipment or resources that are essential for transfer of training
• adequate working conditions
• regular feedback and positive reinforcement for improved performance

Question 23

Reinforcement theory

• positive reinforcement
• behavior modification

Answer 23

Learning results from association between behaviors and rewards

• positive reinforcement: desired behavior followed by reward
• behavior modification: simple recognition and feedback can be effective in increasing performance

Question 24

4 basic principles of training methods

Answer 24

1) present relevant info and content to be learned
2) demonstrate KSAOs to be learned
3) create opportunities for trainees to practice skills
4) provide feedback to trainees during and after practice

Question 25

Most widely used training technique in Organizations

Underlying assumption: new EE can learn job by watching an experienced EE perform job, talking w/ the employee, working with actual job materials
-potential downside: reliance on trainer

Answer 25

On the job training (OJT)

Question 26

One-on-one collaborative relationship in which individual provides performance related guidance

• guidance
• facilitation
• inspiration

Answer 26

Coaching

Question 27

Systematic collection of descriptive and judgmental information that can be used to make effective training decisions

Answer 27

Training evaluation

Question 28

Four types of evaluations that KIrkpatrick uses…

Answer 28

1) reaction criteria: how do you feel about the program?
2) learning criteria: (knowledge retention) how much material is actually learned in the training program
3) behavioral criteria: (transfer) changed that took place back on the job
4) results criteria: ultimate value of the training program to the company

Question 29

Task analysis

Answer 29

Examines what EEs must do to perform job properly

• developing task statements
• determining homogenous task clusters
• Identifying KSAOs required for job

Question 30

Organizational Analysis

Answer 30

Examines organizations goals, available resources, and environment to determine where training should be directed

Question 31

Personal Analysis

Answer 31

Identify which EEs are most in need of training

• use performance appraisal data the identify EEs
• assessment of trainee personality, ability, and experience increasingly being used as part of needs analysis

Question 32

Organizational socialization

Answer 32

Process by which an individual acquirs the attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge needed to participate as an organizational member

Question 33

Self- directed techniques

Answer 33

Trainees work at their own pace to remedy identified weaknesses using self-instructional materials

Question 34

Delivery of educational or training materials usually through electronic means, to people at different locations at the same time

Answer 34

Distance Learning (DL)