Chapter 1 - INTRO Flashcards
The ________________ model and training in IO Psychology have a dual emphasis on theory and practice
Scientist/Practitioner Model
The approach to work motivation called scientific management was developed by _________________
Fredrick Taylor
During WWII, IO psychologists began to emphasize areas of Organizational Psychology including _______________
Employee Morale
A research topic that promises to be central to organizations in the 21st Century: ___________
Workplace Diversity
Who is the father of IO Psychology?
Hugo Munsterberg
Who was Hugo Munsterberg?
- his focus?
- what did he publish?
- interest?
- Father of IO Psych.
- focus: Experimental Psychology
- published: “Psychology & Industrial Efficiency” (1913)
- interested in the design of work and personnel selection for jobs
Who is Walter Dill Scott?
- interested in studying sales person and the psychology
- 1st professor of applied psychology
- published: “The Theory of Advertising”(1903)
- focus: Psychological aspects of advertising
Who is Frederick W. Taylor?
What did he argue?
- helped ignite the field (time & motion studies)
- approach to work motivation: “scientific management”
- argued: employees should be rewarded financially for using the best approach to their work and doing their work most effectively
Who is Bruce V. Moore?
- 1st PhD in IO
- discovered: employees were best differential on the basis of items that reflected their interests
Who is Lillian Gilbreth?
- mother of scientific management
- published: The Psychology of Management
- invented: refrigerator door shelves and the foot pedal trash can
Who is Kurt Lewin?
- Social Psychologist
- developing theory & methodology in the area of workgroups & leaderships
This highlighted the importance of social relations & employee attitudes
- more focused on the human condition!!! (Social & psychological conditions were more important than the physical conditions)
- ***LIGHTS: motivates by being there
Hawthorne Studies
WWI Focus
- Selection
- Placement
- Evaluation
- Appraisal
- employed by the gov’t to train, test, & measure the performance of soldiers(how to keep them motivated)
WWII Focus
- How to best apply existing knowledge to specific situations
- Organizational Dynamics
- work groups
- employee morale
A research topic that promises to be central to organizations in the 21st C. : _____________
Workplace Diversity
What is IO?
Application of psychological principles & theories to the workplace
What are some things that IO psychologists study?
- Behaviors of employees or employers
- structure of organization and its policies
- leadership
- complex processes of motivation
- individual/organizational performance
- contexts, culture, and climate of organizations
- match between people & jobs
- interpersonal (relationship/communication btwn people)relationships at work
What is in the industrial part of organizational psychology?
- Job analyses
- training
- selection
- performance measurement/appraisal
What is the organizational part of psychology?
- motivation
- work attitudes
- leadership
- structure, culture, processes of organizations
Skills, behaviors, and capabilities that allow employees to effectively perform specific functions.
Competencies
What issues were affect IO psychology and vice versa in the 21st century?
1) Global Competition
2) Downsizing
3) Flatter Organizational Structure
4) Greater Diversity in the workplace
5) Technology- related changes
6) Ethics
I need to have skilled, well trained, and competent work for us; bridging cultures in multinational companies
Global Competition
- Assist laud-off workers compete for new jobs
- help downsizing “survivors” handle diverse jobs & workload
Downsizing
Helping employees work in leaner organizations, self-management (empowerment)
Flatter Organizational structure
Coordinate & educate for sensitivity to differences (race, gender, age, ethnicity, thoughts, expectations, culture)
Greater Diversity in the workplace
Understanding caused & outcomes of these tech cultural changes (example: virtual teams, telecommuting)
Technology-related changes
Examining the antecedents of bad choices & using IO to prevent problems in organizations
Ethics
What is the Hawthorne effect?
Changes in behavior occurring as a function of participants knowledge that they are being observed & their expectations concerning their role as research participants
What are the 5 concentrations in IO?
1) selection
2) Training & development
3) Organizational Development
4) Performance Appraisal/Management
5) Quality of work life
