TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT MIDTERM Flashcards
- means the right to proceed ahead of another vehicle of pedestrian.
Right of Way
- When two vehicles approach or enter an intersection at approximately the same time, the driver on the left shall yield the right of way to the vehicle on the right, except as otherwise herein after provided
Intersection
- The driver of any vehicle upon a highway within business or residential district shall yield the right of way to a pedestrian crossing such highway within crosswalk, except at intersection where the movement of traffic is being regulated by a peace officer or by a traffic signal
Pedestrian
– is issued to the driver it is not a right but only a privilege granted by the state to its citizen who possesses the statutory qualifications as provided therefore.
Driver’s License
- Generally, issuance of driver’s license are open to all citizens provided that at the time of the filing of application, for student driver’s permit the applicant must be at least 16 years of age, non-professional driver’s license 17 years of age, Professional driver’s license 18 years of age and he must know how to read and write, must be physically and mentally fit to drive motor vehicle and must be clinically free from contagious diseases.
Licensing Procedure
- The submission by the applicant of the birth certificate, 3 copies of ID pictures, payments receipt for the corresponding fees and having met all the basic driver for the issuance of student permit, requirements in a condition precedent for the prospective. The validity of student permit is one (1) year from the date of issuance.
Student Permit
Requirements and skills
Proven experience as a Driver
A valid driver’s license
A clean driving records
Minimum visual acuity of 20/50 (or corrected to 20/50)
Familiarity with GPS devices
OBEY ALL TRAFFIC RULES AND TRAFFIC SIGNS
GET TO KNOW YOUR CAR
PLAN AHEAD
SLOW DOWN!
KEEP YOUR CAR IN GOOD RUNNING SHAPE
WEAR YOUR SEAT BELT. …
AVOID DISTRACTIONS. …
ADJUST YOUR ACCESSORIES. …
DON’T TAILGATE. …
BE PREPARED.
WATCH THE WEATHER
DON’T DRIVE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF LIQUOR
EYES ON THE ROAD
DRIVING TIPS:
, the most frequent contact between police and otherwise law-abiding citizens, is a critical responsibility of police officers. Its principal objectives are to obtain, through voluntary citizens compliance, the smoothness possible movement if vehicles and pedestrian consistent with the safety and to reduce losses from accidents.
Traffic enforcement
It is an action taken by the police and other authorized agencies which induce voluntary compliance and compel adherence to traffic laws and ordinances by regulating the use of movement of motor vehicles along the highways for the purpose of creating a deterrent to all potential violators
Traffic Enforcement
is the area or activity aimed to controlling road user behavior by preventive, persuasive and punitive methods in order to effect the safe and efficient movement of traffic.
Law enforcement of Traffic Legislation-
- A person who is duly deputized by an agency of government authorized by law to enforce traffic laws, rules and regulations. He is a man of few words.
THE TRAFFIC LAW ENFORCER
The part of traffic enforcement performed by the police and other agencies with police power including deterrent to law violations created by the presence of uniformed police officer and their special equipment, special assistance to court and prosecutors and incidental service to highway users.
Police Traffic Law Enforcement-
- The part of traffic law enforcement performed by the court by adjudication and penalization.
Court Traffic Law Enforcement
involves five (5) essential steps which the police provides varying responsibilities and influence.
Detection
Apprehension
Prosecution
Adjudication
Penalization
- wholly police responsibility and entail looking for detects in the behavior of motorist, pedestrians, vehicles, equipment and roadway condition. Requires knowledge on law on the part of the police.
DETECTION
-wholly police responsibility where the police is required to take action at once to prevent continued and future violation.
Apprehension
- while this is a court function, the police also provides corresponding influence through preparation and introduction of evidence or close contact with the prosecution officer.
Prosecution
- while is obviously a court function the police provides influence on this step by acting as a witness to the prosecution or supplying additional evidence. This step determines the guilt or innocence of the accused.
Adjudication
- the court imposes the penalty upon the accused. The penalty is greatly influenced by previous records of convictions as provided by the police.
Penalization
Objectives of Traffic Law Enforcement
Preventive
Persuasive
Punitive
Traffic law enforcers on patrol plough through major thoroughfares and attend to traffic accidents and problems. They investigate traffic accidents, remove obstructions of any form, and insure the smooth flow of traffic.
Preventive Activities
It is consisting of oral, written, or verbal warnings of visible traffic officers on traffic enforcement patrol. This is with the aim purpose of persuading the lawful obedience of the traffic units.
Persuasive Activities
The traffic law enforcers ensure that the violators of traffic laws are given sanctions. This can be made thru the issuance of citation or physical arrest.
Punitive Activities
It consists of driving or walking here and there in area or to and from a road for the purpose of traffic law enforcement and to provide traffic connected services to the public.
Traffic Enforcement Patrol
It consists of driving or walking here and there in area or to and from a road for the purpose of traffic law enforcement and to provide traffic connected services to the public.
Traffic Enforcement Patrol
- the court imposes the penalty upon the accused. The penalty is greatly influenced by previous records of convictions as provided by the police.
Penalization
MAJOR ELEMENTS
Enforcement System
Road Users
Traffic System
consist of the legislation, police, court and penalties.
Enforcement System-
- include pedestrians, pedal cyclist, drivers and passengers. The can be defined in term of knowledge, skill, attitude and characteristics, such as age, sex, health, road experience, etc.
Road users
consist of the entire road and vehicle complex. The road user exhibits certain behavioral pattens which lead to inefficiencies in the traffic system.
Traffic system-
Kinds of Traffic Enforcement Action
Traffic Arrest
Traffic Citation
Traffic Warning
It is an enforcement action which consists of taking person into custody for the purpose of holding or detaining him or her to answer for a law violation charge before a court
Traffic Arrest
It is a means of having violators appear in court without physical arrest. The issuance facilitation is the most common enforcement action by the police
Traffic Citation
It is an enforcement action which does not contemplate possible assessment of penalty by the court or otherwise as a result of warning alone
Traffic Warning
3 kinds of traffic warning
Verbal Visual Written
It is defined as keeping informed on streets, highways within existing regulations to make their use safe and expeditious. This also involves safe and efficient movement of traffic on the street, roads, and highways.
Traffic Supervision
It is that part of police traffic supervision that involves telling drivers and pedestrians who, how, and where they may or may not move or stand at a particular place, especially during periods of congestions and emergencies.
Traffic Direction
It is the control of motor vehicles, pedestrian or other traffic units at a certain point or area by mechanical means, fixed objects or manpower. It can also be broadly thought of as facilitating the safe and efficient movement of motor vehicles, pedestrians, and other traffic units in hazardous conditions or special circumstances. This is with the aim purpose eliminating traffic congestions, and addressing hazards producing traffic and vehicular accidents.
Traffic Control
It is convictions with penalty for hazardous moving violators per motor vehicle traffic accident resulting in injury and death. If the number of accidents at a particular location is high in comparison to other locations, the number of citations should also be high.
Traffic Enforcement Index
Violation of Traffic Violation
Document violation
Equipment Violation
Moving Violation
Are those where the drivers who are stopped by the traffic law enforcement officers does not have all the documents in order. Typically, violations are for unregistered vehicles, and driving without license.
Document Violations
Are things that are wrong with the motor vehicle, i.e., bald tires, burnt out lights, broken windshields, and leaky mufflers are all good examples. Each of these is equipment violations.
Equipment Violations
This includes violation of the rules of the road committed by the driver. Besides driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, there are eight principal accident-causing moving violations.
Moving Violations
The is the sum of powers of all the external influences on autonomous driving systems, including road conditions, traffic facilities, land features, meteorological conditions, activities of other traffic participants, and so on.
TRAFFIC ENVIRONMENT
is arguably the most widespreadtransport challengein the world, particularly in the large cities.
Congestion
Harmful to vegetation, damages foliage, decreases growth, or reduces crop yields. NO2and other NOx interact with water, oxygen and other chemicals in the atmosphere to form acid rain which harms sensitive ecosystems such as lakes and forests.
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) –
– CO does not have a direct effect on the global temperature but affects the ability of the atmosphere to cleanse itself of many other polluting gases. In combination with other pollutants and sunshine, it plays a part in the formation of ozone.
Carbon monoxide (CO)
– The most common and important greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide is essential to life on Earth by keeping the Earth’s temperature from freezing. The problem is that carbon dioxide has been steadily increasing and tipping the greenhouse effect out of balance – too much greenhouse gases absorbing the sun’s energy causes an over-warming of the planet.
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
– HCs react with sunlight and other pollutants, such as nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide, to form ozone (O3) which is a main component of photochemical smog. It contributes to the greenhouse effect, depletes the ozone, and reduces photosynthetic ability of plants
Unburnt hydrocarbons (HCs)
– can react with other chemicals to create smog. It may attach to rain and snow and be carried to the ground to contaminate water and soil where it remains for a longer time than it does in the air. It has been found that the knock-on effect of this pollution on the local flora and fauna could be worse than previously thought.
Benzene
– is highly toxic to the fish, shellfish, and other creatures in rivers, lakes and oceans.
Formaldehyde
is one of the greatest environmental risk to health. By reducing countries can reduce the burden of disease from stroke, heart disease, lung cancer, and both chronic and acute respiratory diseases, including asthma.
Air pollution
can cause health problems for people and wildlife, both on land and in the sea. From traffic noise to rock concerts, loud or inescapable sounds can cause hearing loss, stress, and high blood pressure.
Noise pollution
- areelements from outside the company that affect business performance, such as competition, economic climate, political and legal environment, technological advances, or major global events.
EXTERNAL FACTOR
- energy that is transferred from one body to another as the result of a difference in temperature. If two bodies at different temperatures are brought together, energy is transferred—i.e., heat flows—from the hotter body to the colder.
HEAT
- a disturbance of the atmosphere marked by wind and usually by rain, snow, hail, sleet, or thunder and lightning
STORM
- a thick cloud of tiny waterdropletssuspended in the atmosphere at or near the earth’s surface whichobscuresorrestrictsvisibility
FOG
- arethose that you control, they come from within you. Internal factors are influenced by your feelings and thoughts. These can be positive or negative. Positive thoughts will help you with decision making, while negative thoughts will most likely hinder you.
INTERNAL FACTOR
is more complex than the juncture of temperament and character. It also encompasses thought and behavioral patterns that come through in every life situation.
Personality
isa disorder of the brain characterized by repeated seizures.
Epilepsy
is usually defined as a sudden alteration of behavior due to a temporary change in the electrical functioning of the brain.
seizure
-a tropical disease caused by parasiticprotozoans(trypanosomes) that are transmitted by the bite of thetsetsefly
Sleeping Sickness
,the study of the allocation of transportation resources in order to meet the needs of a society. shipping docks and shore-based cranes.
TRANSPORTATION ECONOMICS
The isthe fundamental challenge facing all societies, which is how to satisfy unlimited wants and needs with limited resources
ECONOMICS PROBLEMS
can be defined asthe increase or improvement in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy in a financial year.
Economic growth
is programs, policies or activities that seek to improve the economic well-being and quality of life for a community.
Economic Development
