TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT Flashcards
, which deals with provision for traffic safety and efficiency, proper driving behavior, and the commandments of the traffic, the method and technique in point and intersectional vehicle,
(1) Traffic safety Education
which deals with the theory and its application of traffic enforcement and management,
Enforcement
, which deals with the study of the basic laws relative to professional practice regarding planning, designing and operating professional practice to achieve safe and efficient movement of people, vehicle and goods,
Engineering
, which deals with the study of potentially disastrous population explosion, the changing urban environment due to the scale and density of new urban concentration and the new activities carried out, air pollution and crowding especially transport congestion.
Environment
( which deals with the productive resources to produce commodities and distribution and consumption.
Economics
isa way of movement of human beings and goods from one place to another.
Transportation
is probably the oldest method of transportation a
- Land Transport
became very important because of man's tendency to settle down around water bodies.
- Water Transport
for the purpose of transportation started around 500 years ago. Initially, it consisted of man or horse power and sometimes also of rails made of wood. The modern railway system finds its origin in England in early 1800’s.
- Rail Transport
One of the most revolutionizing inventions of the history of mankind is .
airplanes
was one of the earliest modes of transportation, and it was first used in ancient Mesopotamia around 3000 BC
chariot
were popular in the 18th and 19th centuries and were used for transportation of people and goods.
Horse-drawn carriages
were an important means of transportation in ancient times, and they were used for traveling across oceans and seas.
Ships
were commonly used in desert regions as a means of transportation.
Camels
They were typically used for plowing fields and for transportation of goods. were domesticated animals and were preferred over horses and other animals because they were stronger and more durable
oxen
are famous for the network of roads they built across the Empire
roman transportation
After the fall of Rome, transport became more primitive Roads in Europe retumed to being simple dirt tracks, which turned to mud in the Winter In the , rich people sometimes travelled in covered wagons.
MIDDLES AGES TRANSPORTATION:
In Tudor times, transport was still slow and uncomfortable Roads were still just dirt tracks. Men were supposed, by law, to spend a number of days repairing the local roads but it is unlikely they did much good People travelled by horse
16 CENTURY TRANSPORTATION:
to 1600 the royal posts were exclusively used to carry the King’s correspondence. However in 1635, to raise money. Charles I allowed members of the public to pay his messengers to carry letters. This was the start of the royal mail
17th century transportation
Groups of rich men formed tumpike trusts Acts of Parliament gave them the right to improve and maintain certain roads Travelers had to pay tolls to use them.
18th century transportation
In the mid century transport was revolutionized by railways
19TH CENTURY TRANSPORTATION
railway opened in 1825
The Stockton and Darlington
Although the first cars appeared at the end of the 19th century after the end of World War 1 they became cheaper and more common However in 1940 only about one in 10 families owned a car
20th century transportation
year first electric tranvia was built to replace the old horse-driven ones
1904
was the first commercial flight that landed in Manila World War II
The Pan Am
Willy’s Jeep was replaced by
Sarao Jeeps
- the first Light Railway Transit (LRT) that ran from Pasay to Monumento
On October 1981
The preferred mode of prevention is education, though high-risk drivers are the least receptive to this traffic management strategy Law enforcement agencies offer a variety of public traffic safety programs taught by their officers through civic groups, schools, and community organizations around the country
Traffic Education
The field of traffic engineering addresses highway safety hazards through the careful planning of streets and highways.
Traffic Engineering
is one of the three pillars of road safety. The experience from around the world has shown that it is an effective method to reduce traffic violations and crashes
TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT
AGENCIES INVOLVED IN THE AFFAIRS OF TRAFFIC
is an executive function such as planning, organizing, directing, supervising coordinating operating, recording and budgeting traffic affairs
Traffic Management
on roads may consist of predestrian
herded animals, vehicles, streetcars and other conveyances, either singly or together, while using the public way for purposes of
Traffic
are the laws which govern traffic and regulate vehicles, while rules of the road are both the laws and the informal rules that may have developed over time to facilitate the orderly and timely flow of traffic
Traffic laws
In the local setting, there are three (3) legal bases in the traffic management process local and
national, as follows
Republic Act No. 4136
Republic Act No 7160
Trafficology The Science of Traffic by Felino A Bragado
is a condition on road networks that occurs as use increases, and is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times, and increased vehicular get in Ime
Traffic congestion
Common Theories of Traffic Congestion
mathematical theories
economic theories
Some traffic engineers have attempted to apply the rules of fluid dynamics to traffic flow, likening it to the flow of a fluid in a pipe.
Mathematical Theories
Congested roads can be seen as an example of the tragedy of the commons. Because roads in most places are free at the point of usage, there is little financial incentive for drivers not to over-use them up to the point where traffic collapses into a jam, when demand becomes limited by opportunity cost Privatizations of highways and road pricing have both been proposed as measures to reduce congestion
Economic Theories
Specific Causes of Traffic Congestion
Immediate causes
Long term causes
Congestion grows most obviously and at alarming rate primarily in areas experiencing rapid population growth, which cause parallel increase in the ownership and use of automotive vehicles
Immediate Causes
Commuting during certain hours add considerably to traffic congestion. The so-called “rush hours” are concentrated in relatively short period each day, mainly from 7:00 to 9:00 in the morning and from 5:00 to 7.00 in the evening, when most people using motor vehicles of any kind, either private or public rush to and from places of works, schools, and other places
long term causes
Strategies in Resolving Congestions
supply side strategy
demand side
Expansion of the peal hour carrying capacity of an area’s transportation system seems to be the most intuitively obvious response to greater congestion can be implemented through diverse means
Supply-Side Strategy
tactics transportation economist advocate is peak-hour pricing This is achieved by charging all drivers who use crowded highways during peak- hours a toll large enough to discourage many others from doing so.
Demand Side
Mitigations of Traffic Congestion
Rush hour policies
pre emption policies
intelligent transportation system
Some cities adopt policies to reduce rush-hour traffic and pollution and encourage the use of public transportation The day for each vehicle is taken from the license plate number, and this rule is enforced by traffic police and also by hundreds of strategically positioned traffic cameras hacked by computerized image recognition systems that issue tickets to offending drivers
Rush Hour Policies
In some areas, emergency responders are provided with specialized equipment, which allows emergency response vehicles, to have high-priority travel by having the lights along their route change to green
Pre-Emption Policies
presents a number of technologies to reduce congestion by monitoring traffic flows through the use of sensors and live cameras or analyzing cellular phone data travelling in cars and in turn rerouting traffic as needed through the use of variable message boards (VMS), highway advisory radio, on board or off board navigation devices and other systems through integration of traffic data with navigation systems
Intelligent Transportation Systems
What Are the Goals of Traffic Management?
efficient, orderly, safe as possible
PILLARS OR 5E’s OF TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
Engineering
education
enforcement
environment
economic
- the science of measuring traffic and travel, the study of the basic laws relative to the traffic flow and generation, and the application if this knowledge to the professional practice of planning, and the operating traffic systems to achieve safe and efficient movement of persons.
ENGINEERING
- the process of giving training and travel and practice in the actual application of traffic safety knowledge.
EDUCATION
- the action taken by the police, such as arresting, issuing traffic. citation ticket, and giving warning to the erring drivers for the purpose of deterring and discouraging and/or to preventing such violatio
ENFORCEMENT
- is the study of dealing with potentially disastrous population explosion, changes in urban environment due to the scale and destiny of a new urban
ENVIRONMENT
is the study how people choose to use scarce or limited productive resources to produce commodities and distribute them for their consumption
ECONOMICS
They have the responsibility for determining traffic flow patterns, through origin and destination of person and things
planning, funding construction of
Department of Public Works and Highways
Classifications of Traffic Control Devices
warning device
regulatory device
guiding device
These are used to inform the road user of potentially hazardous
roadway condition or unusual traffic movement which is not readily apparent to passing traffic
Warning Devices-
2 These are having the authority of law and impose precise requirements imposed upon the action of road user
Regulatory Devices
These are employed simply to inform the road user of route. destination, and other pertinent information
Guiding Devices
is defined as a signal operated manually, electrically or mechanically by which traffic is alternately commanded to stop and/or to proceed
Traffic signals
These signs are intended to warn road users of a danger that hes ahead and of its nature
Danger Warning Signs-
-These signs intended to warn road users of special obligations.
restrictions of prohibition with which they must comply, and are subdivided into priority signs, of restrictive signs, and mandatory signs.
Regulatory Signs
These signs are intended to guide road users while travelling.
and are subdivided into, ie, advance signs, direction signs, place identification
signs, confirmatory signs, and other signs
Informative sign
It is an mtegral part of the roadway in any metropolitan cities of the world, and it is one of species of geometric design. is the answer for the safety of pedestrians in
road hazards.
sidewalk
In the field of road transport, an intersection is a road
intersection
It is a traffic engineering terminology that separates or regulates the conflict al traffic movements into definite paths of travel by means of traffic island or pavement markings for the safe and orderly travels of both man and machine
Channelization
in its literal meaning is to control or constrict the movement of vehicle as it passes through the lane designated therefore
Filter Lane
This refers to a two-wheeled vehicle moving between lanes of vehicles that are proceeding in the same direction. It refers to passing stopped or slower moving traffic between lanes at a speed greater than surrounding traffic
lane splitting
is the crowning jewel of traffic management, an abstract architect of social life, and an unyielding master of man’s destiny on the roadways.
Traffic education
