TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT FINALS Flashcards
It is any accident occurring on a traffic way, for example, the ordinary collision between motor vehicles on a highway.
Motor Vehicle Traffic Accident
It is any accident which occurs entirely in any place other than a traffic-way, for example, a motor vehicle accident in a farm or in a private driveway.
Motor-Vehicle Non-Traffic Accident
It is any accident occurring on a traffic-way involving persons using the traffic-way for travel or transportation but not involving a motor-vehicle in motion, for example, collision between a pedestrian and bicyclist on a sidewalk.
Non-Motor Vehicle Traffic Accident
It is every device which is self propelled and every vehicle which is propelled by electric power obtained from overhead trolley wires, but not operated upon rails
Definition of Motor Vehicle
It is the entire width between boundary lines of every way or place of which any part is open to the use of the public for purposes of vehicular traffic as a matter of right or custom.
Definition of Traffic-Way
Classes of Traffic Accidents
Motor-Vehicle Non-Traffic Accident
Motor-Vehicle Non-Traffic Accident
Non-Motor Vehicle Traffic Accident
It is seeing, feeling, or hearing and understanding the unusual or unexpected movement or condition that could be taken as a sign of the accident about to happen.
Perception of Hazard
It is the movement into the path assigned to another traffic unit. Perhaps the most important encroachment is crossing a center or barrier line.
Encroachment
It is the first action taken by a traffic unit to escape from a collision course or otherwise avoid a hazard. This is the “reaction” of the driver to his perception and is the end of driver reaction time.
Start of Evasive Action
It is the first accidental touching of an object collided with by a traffic unit in motion. Before this, there is no force between the objects colliding, afterwards there is force.
Initial Contact
It is the greatest collapse or overlap in a collision. The force between the traffic unit and the object collided with are greatest at maximum engagement.
Maximum Engagement
It is the separation of a traffic unit in motion from an object with which it has collided. Force between the objects ceases at this time.
Disengagement
It is coming to rest. It usually stabilizes the accident situation. Stopping may occur with or without control by the driver or pedestrian.
Stopping
It is the place and time at which the unusual or unexpected movement or conditions could have been perceived by a normal person. This point always comes at or before the point of perception.
Point of Possible Perception
It is the place and time after or beyond which the accident cannot be prevented by the traffic unit under consideration. Nothing the driver or pedestrian can do will save him from this point on, although they can still able to mitigate the accident.
. Point of No Escape
is a term which, refer to the portion of both traffic unit collide within each other.
Point of Impact
It is any motor vehicle accident that results in fatal injuries to one or more persons.
Fatal Accident
It is any motor vehicle accident that results in injuries other than fatal to one or more persons. The injury may be non-visible, minor-visible, and seriously visible
Non-Fatal Accident
It is any motor vehicle accidents in which there is no injury to any person, but only damage to the motor vehicle, to other motor vehicles, or to other property including injury to animals.
Property Damage Accident
it means the right to proceed ahead of another vehicle or pedestrian
right of way
When we vehicles approach or enter an ai approximately the same time, the driver on the left shall yield the right of way to the vehicle on the right, except as otherwise herein after provided
intersection
Every crossing a highway within business or residential district, at any peint other than a crosswalk, shall yield the right of way to vehicles upon the highway
trrough highway and rairoad crossing
The driver of a vehicle upon a highway shall yield the right of way to
Folice Car, Fire Truck and Ambulance
Getting the facts is the foundation of the on-scene investigation. Without them there is no investigation. Get them from the drivers and pedestrians involved and from other witnesses, but especially try to get them from personal observations. From the facts at on-scene investigation, the investigator may be able to figure out what happened and why.
ON-SCENE INVESTIGATION
In many accident investigations, the most important sources of information are drivers and witnesses. In most cases, drivers are required by laws to give certain information following an accident. As part of the investigation, the investigator may question drivers and witnesses to get certain facts about the accident, and they have the responsibility to obtain sufficient evidence to take enforcement action when necessary.
Interviewing as Part of Investigation
It is the accumulation of broken parts of motor vehicles, rubbish, dust and other materials left at the accident scene by a collision. There are nine varieties of debris, each of which has its own meaning, i.e., underbody debris, parts, motor vehicle fluids, liquid cargo, granular cargo, other cargo, road material, clothing, and blood.
Debris
are any marks to the pavement or ground left without sliding by tires on rotating wheels.
Imprints
are marks left on the road by tires that are not free to rotate usually because brakes are applied strongly enough to lock wheels. Wheels may also be locked by damage resulting from collision. A wheel free to rotate may leave a skid-mark if it is sliding directly sidewise, i.e., parallel to its axis.
Skid-marks
are signs left on the road by tires that are sliding or scrubbing while the wheel is still turning.
Scuff-marks
are marks left on a road by sliding parts of motor vehicles other than tires. There are sometimes considered as a kind of skid-marks because they sometimes look like and are occasionally mistaken for permanent grinding.
Scratches
Kinds of Lane and its Uses
Innert Lane
a. For left turn only
b. Fast or overtaking vehicle
c. Don’t overlap the lap at he left
Center Lane
a. For thru moving vehicle
b. Fast and overtaking vehicle
Outer lane
a. Slow moving vehicle only
b. Right turning vehicle
c. Stopping, loading or unloading vehicle
Three Causes of Accidents:
Direct Causes
Mediate Causes
Early Causes
– It is any unconventional or hazardous behavior or negligence by a traffic unit at the time of the accident that contributes strictly to the accident.
Direct Causes
– It is the unusual or irregular condition of the vehicle, road, weather, pedestrian or motorist.
Mediate Causes
– It is an act of negligence on the part of the persons or motorists.
Early Causes
is done in cases involving fatalities, and often when personal injury is involved.
Accident reconstruction
It is the scientific process of investigating, analyzing, and drawing conclusions about the causes and events during a vehicle collision.
Accident Reconstruction?
Steps in Accident Reconstruction
investigation
analysis
presentation
is an accidental and usually violent contact between two objects which are approaching each other because of the movement of one or both.
collision
It is the extent to which one motor vehicle extends into or across the path of another when they collide
Overlap
It is a damage resulting from direct contact with some object. It is indicate by surface abrasion, scratches, paint rub-off, and certain kinds of crumpling. It may results from contact with other motor vehicles, pedestrians, fixed objects or road surface; it may be a metal, glass or tires. It is contrasted with induced damage.
Contact Damage
Induced Damage
It is a damage produced not by external force, but by some other parts of the motor vehicle.
Induced Damage
is a branch of the science of physics which deals with what happens when forces act on material objects.
Mechanics
It is the quantity of motion possessed by a body. It is the product of its speed and its weight or mass.
Momentum
is one which is directed toward the center of mass of the object to which it is applied.
centered force
