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Britain 1785 - 1870 > Trade Unionism 1785 - 1834 > Flashcards

Trade Unionism 1785 - 1834 Flashcards

1
Q

How much did the population grow between 1750 and 1850?

A

From 6 mil to 17+ mil

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2
Q

How did population growth affect strike action?

A

Increased population growth increased the demand for work therefore strikers could easily be replaced

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3
Q

Who were knobsticks?

A

Those who opposed trade unions, because they had to work to provide for their families

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4
Q

What was the difference between a trade union and a trade society?

A

Trade unions were larger scale

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5
Q

What is an entrepreneur?

A

A person who sees and takes advantage of a business opportunity despite some financial risk

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6
Q

What was a closed shop?

A

A business that only employed members of a specific trade union

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7
Q

What was the impact of the government’s laissez faire attitude on workers?

A

Employers had free rein and so exploited their employees

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8
Q

Who were the London printers? (1793)

A

Petitioned to increase wages in reaction to the increased living cost of London
Gained 539 signatures
Were successful in achieving their aims

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9
Q

What is an artisan?

A

A skilled worker who makes goods using traditional techniques

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10
Q

What 2 factors triggered the increasingly universal approach to trade unionism?

A

1793 - war with France created economic discontent for all (nationalised)

Factory work - severed traditional cotton industry relationship between employee and employer…. workers wanted their voices heard. As well as poorer working conditions

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11
Q

What Acts in 1799/1800 made trade unionism illegal?

A

The Combination Acts

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12
Q

When were the Combination Acts repealed?

A

1824

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13
Q

What was molestation? when was it made illegal

A

to pressurise fellow workers into joining a strike - 1825

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14
Q

What impact did railways and the postal service have on the TUM?

A

Improved communication, and helped to nationalise the TUM

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15
Q

What is Utopian Socialism?

A

Utopian socialists do not support class struggle or political insurrection, but favour peaceful negotiation.

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16
Q

Between what years did Robert Owen operate New Lanark?

A

1799-1828

17
Q

What was Robert Owen’s goal?

A

to create a “humane workplace”, using cooperative methods

18
Q

5 reforms at New Lanark

A
  • managers had autonomy
  • silent monitor system motivated
  • banned employment of under 10s, or children’s night shifts,
  • 30 mins ed a day under 18
19
Q

When was the Grand National Consolidated Trade Union founded?

A

1834

20
Q

Describe Owen’s GNCTU

A

welcomed both skilled and unskilled labourers

nationalised

21
Q

why did the GNCTU fail in 1835?

A

The Document, relied on voluntary funding, crippled supporting loyal strikers

22
Q

What Act was passed in 1793?

A

The Friendly Societies Act - Friendly societies had to report activity to local authorities

23
Q

How did the shift from cottage to factory industry impact TUs?

A

cut of communication with journeyman, profit > respect and fair wages

24
Q

What impact did the Napoleonic wars have of TUs?

A

twofold - created economic discontent so grew eg) association of Weavers had 14 branches in lancashire by 1799
- promoted fear of revolution anti TUs from government - Combination Act

25
Q

What was largely ignored after the end of The Napoleonic Wars?

A

The Combination Acts

26
Q

Attempt to nationalise TU in 1818.

why did they collapse

A

Philanthropic Hercules (LDN) Philanthropic Society (Lancashire) 5 of their leaders arrested during strike action

27
Q

What was The Master and Servant Act?

A

1823 - Breaking a contract punishable by inprisonment, 1857 - 1875 10,000 prosecutions per year

28
Q

What was the impact of laissez faire economics on TU?

A

decreased government intervention, harsh treatment of workers

29
Q

How did the growing population affect TU

A

more looking for work, strike action undermined by Irish immigrants

30
Q

Why were the government more lenient towards TU in the 1820s?

A

no war, stable economy (GNP increased by 16.8%) food prices lowered by a 1/3, more liberal eg) Peel and Hume

31
Q

Evidence that the Government was still anti trade unionism in the 1820s?

A

Master and Servant Act 1823

New Combination Act 1825 - molestation illegal

32
Q

What did John Doherty found in 1829, another attempt at nationalising TU?

A

Grand General Union of Operative Spinners

33
Q

What was The Document?

A

employees signed to say that they would not support any TU, weakened TU

Britain 1785 - 1870 (16 decks)

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