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Britain 1785 - 1870 > Parlimentary Democracy - 1785 - 1832 > Flashcards

Parlimentary Democracy - 1785 - 1832 Flashcards

1
Q

How was the franchise divided pre reform?

A

Counties and boroughs

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2
Q

What were the voting rules in counties

A

2 MPs to parliament
40 shilling freeholder could vote
No variance in size

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3
Q

What were the rules in Scottish counties?

A

£100 equivalents of 40 shillings

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4
Q

What were the 6 varieties in boroughs?

A

Scot and lot - could vote if paid poor rates
Corporation - only council
Freeman - status ( was hereditary or married in to)
Burgage - property owners of certain types of let could vote
Potwalloper - hearth big enough to boil a pot on
Freeholder

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5
Q

Name 4 issues with the pre reform franchise

A

No secret ballot
Pocket boroughs- controlled by a wealthy landowner to ensure a seat in Parliament
Rotten boroughs- not as important as once were eg) Old Sarum
Only 11% of pop could vote

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6
Q

What did William Pitt propose in 1785?

By how many votes was it defeated?

A

Disenfranchising 36 boroughs and redistributing seats to counties

74 votes

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7
Q

Why did many MPs object to reform?

A

Because they benefited from the system in place

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8
Q

What impact did the French Revolution (1789) have on the reform cause?

A

Reemergence of criticism regarding the British system

            OR

why change a system that had worked for so long?

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9
Q

What did Edmund Burke publish in 1790 and what was it’s impact?

A

‘Reflections on revolution in France’

Argued that the non codified constitution had evolved over time, no need to be changed.

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10
Q

What did Thomas Paine publish in 1792 in response to Edmund Burke?

A

‘Rights of Man’

Condemned inequalities in the system

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11
Q

How many copies of ‘Rights of Man’ were sold within a year?

A

200,000

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12
Q

When were the Sheffield Society and The London Corresponding Societies founded?

A

1791/1792

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13
Q

How did the SS and the LCS spread their ideas?

A

Pamphlets

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14
Q

How many people attended the LCS Copenhagen field rally?

A

100,000

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15
Q

How many signatures did the SS petition for male suffrage gain?

A

10,000

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16
Q

What impact did the Napoleonic wars have of the reformist cause?

A

Reduced sympathy for French ideas of fraternity, egalitie and libertie

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17
Q

What Act in 1795 reduced public support for the cause?

A

Treason Act - death penalty for questioning the government

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18
Q

How many soldiers returned to the U.K. after the napoleonic wars?

A

400,000

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19
Q

What event in 1816 emphasised the rich/poor divide?

A

Poor harvest

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20
Q

What impact did speeches by Henry Hunt and the publication of newspapers like Cobbets Political Register have?

A

Spread political awareness

21
Q

When did the Peterloo Massacre happen?

A

1819

22
Q

What was The Peterloo Massacre?

A

60,000 people gathered for peaceful protest, sabre charged at by yeomanry killing 18 and wounding 400 +

23
Q

What were the 6 acts?

A 
Banned meeting of more than 50
“ “ military drilling
“ “ seditious writing
Increased stamp duty
Increase magistrate power
Sped up trials
24
Q

By how much did GNP rise from 1821 to 1829?

A

16.8%

25
Q

How much did manufacturing increase in the 1820s?

A

25%

26
Q

What impact did increased prosperity have on the government?

A

Shift from reactionary to liberal

27
Q

What did Lord Russel seek to do in 1822?

A

Disenfranchise 100 boroughs and redistribute seats to growing industrial cities- lost by a large majority

28
Q

Why did discontent re-emerge in 1829

A

Poor harvests, increased food prices.

Swing riots

29
Q

Who established the Birmingham political union in 1829?

A

Thomas Atwood

30
Q

What was the aim of the BPU?

A

Achieve greater representation for urban areas

31
Q

Who became PM in 1812?

A

Lord Liverpool

32
Q

Who was for Catholic Emancipation?

A

Canning

33
Q

Who was against CE?

A

Peel

34
Q

Which MP kept the tories together?

A

Liverpool

35
Q

What was the impact of Liverpool’s resignation in 1827?

A

Wellington gains power and supports CE

divided tories into liberals and ultras

36
Q

How did middle class pressure result in the 1832 Reform Act?

A

Their size increased their economic significance

Their reasoned argument was far more difficult to squash than mob

37
Q

What were the features of the 1st and 2nd bills?

A

Disenfranchise 100 boroughs
No secret ballots
Uniform voting qualifiers

38
Q

How did Grey gain a majority of 140?

A

Dissolved Parliament and held a re-election

39
Q

Why did the 2nd bill not pass?

A

Blocked by the HOL.

40
Q

Who gained power after the collapse of the tories in 1829?

A

Earl Grey (whigs)

41
Q

What were the Bristol riots of 1831

A

130 killed or wounded

Prompted 3rd bill to be presented due to Bristol’s economic significance

42
Q

What did the 3rd bill propose?

A

Disenfranchise 41 boroughs
30 lost 1 MP
10 new boroughs with 2 MPS

43
Q

Why did Grey resign

A

3rd bill was blocked by tories

44
Q

What were the days of may?

A

Middle class withdrew £1.8 mil in 10 days
Wellington was unable to form government due to lack of support
Grey forms a government with threat of 50 Whig peers in HOL

45
Q

Why did the tories pass the 1832 reform act?

A

To reduce the threat of their majority being permanently diluted

46
Q

By how much of a majority was the act passed by?

A

106 to 22

47
Q

What were the provisions of the 1832 Act?

A

56 disenfranchised 30 lost 1 MP
42 new borough constituencies created
Scotland gained 8 seats Ireland gained 5

48
Q

How did the electorate change after 1832?

A

Vote given to adult males who owned £10 or rented £50 worth of property (counties)
Vote given to males who owned/ rented £10 or paid tax
Voter registration introduced

49
Q

What was the significance of the act.

A

18% of adult males could now vote
Towns and cities gained some representation

Still massively unrepresentative

Britain 1785 - 1870 (16 decks)

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