Trachte Diuretics

Question 1

Two drugs that inhibit NKCC pump?

Answer 1

Furosemide

Bumetanide

Question 2

Where is the NKCC pump?

Answer 2

Thick ascending loop of henle

Question 3

How does the NKCC pump affect tubular fluid osmolality?

Answer 3

makes it hyPO-osmolar

**no aquaporins in thick ascending loop

Question 4

Uses for loop diuretics?

Answer 4

pulm edema

edema

hyperkalemia

acute renal failure

anion OD

Question 5

Chlorthalidone?

MOA

Answer 5

Blocks NaCl transporter in distal convoluted tubule

**a thiazide diuretic

Question 6

HCTZ?

MOA

Answer 6

Blocks NaCl transporter in distal convoluted tuble

Question 7

Metalazone?

MOA

Answer 7

Blocks NaCl transporter in distal convoluted tubule

thiazide diuretic

Question 8

Thiazides used to treat?

Answer 8

HTN

CHF

nephrolithiasis caused by hypercalcemia

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Question 9

Major side effect of Thiazides?

Answer 9

Hyperglycemia
-suppress insulin release

hypOkalemia

HLD

hypOnatremia

allergic RXN

Question 10

What happens with thiazide + ACE inhib?

Answer 10

SYNERGY

RAAS perpetuation??

Question 11

3 K sparing diuretics?

Answer 11

Spironolactone

Amiloride

Triamterene

Question 12

ADH analogs (2)?

What do they do?

Answer 12

Vasopressin

desmopressin (synthetic)

recruit aquaporins in the medulla

Question 13

Demecocycline?

Answer 13

antibiotic with ADH antagonism

Question 14

Where does ADH originate?

Answer 14

hypothalamus/pituitary

Question 15

What stimulates ADH release?

Answer 15

reduction in plasma volume

increase in plasma osmolality

Question 16

What receptors are stimulated by ADH?

Answer 16

AVPR1–PI3/Ca–>vasoconstriction

AVPR2–cAMP–>insert aquaporins

Question 17

Major osmotic diuretic not reabsorbed into the nephron:

Answer 17

mannitol

Question 18

What is SGLT-2? Where is it?

Answer 18

sodium glucose transporter

proximal tubule

Question 19

3 SGLT-2 transporter inhibitors:

Answer 19

“flozins”

Canigliflozin

Dapagliflozin

Gliflozin

Question 20

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor:

Answer 20

acetazolamide

blocks conversion of H2CO3 –> H20+CO2

Question 21

Xanthine oxidase inhibitor?

Answer 21

allopurinol

reduces uric acid

Question 22

Inhibit renal organic acid transporters (OATs) of urate to facilitate excretion (2):

Answer 22

Probenicid

Sulfinpyrazone

**proximal tubule

Question 23

Net effect of thiazide diuretics on OATs?

Answer 23

increase blood uric acid

Question 24

Actual channel blocked by Amiloride and Triamterene?

Answer 24

ENaC

Question 25

Used to acidify urine?

Answer 25

Ammonium Chloride

Question 26

Another drug for gout?

Answer 26

colchicine

Question 27

Furosemide?

Answer 27

loop diuretic

Question 28

bumetanide

Answer 28

loop diuretic

Question 29

chlorthalidone

Answer 29

thiazide diuretic

Question 30

hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 30

thiazide diuretic

Question 31

metalozone

Answer 31

thiazide diuretic

Question 32

spironolactone

Answer 32

Blocks Aldosterone receptor

K sparring diuretic

Question 33

Amiloride

Answer 33

blocks ENaC

K sparring diuretic

Question 34

Triamterene

Answer 34

blocks ENaC

K sparring diuretic

Question 35

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer 35

increases aquaporin channels in collecting duct

concentrates urine

Question 36

desmopressin

Answer 36

increases aquaporin channels in collecting duct

concentrates urine

Question 37

Mannitol

Answer 37

exerts osmotic effect in proximal tubule to reduce water reabsorption

Question 38

“flozins”

Answer 38

SGLT-2 inhibitors

reduce glucose reabsorption

Question 39

Acetazolomide

Answer 39

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

blocks reabsorption in prox tubule

**mostly used for glaucoma and excess CSF production

Question 40

probenicid

Answer 40

suppresses urate reabsorption in the proximal tubule

Question 41

sulfinpyrazone

Answer 41

suppresses urate reabsorption in the proximal tubule

Question 42

allopurinol

Answer 42

suppresses uric acid formation