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CRRAB II > Pulmonary Pathology > Flashcards

Pulmonary Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

collapse or loss of lung volume

A

atelectasis

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2
Q

commonest cause of atelectasis in kids:

A

mucus plugging

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3
Q

common cause of atelectasis in kids without apparent physiological pathology:

A

foreign body

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4
Q

Immune cells found in asthma histology:

A

eosinophils

T-cells (Th2’s)

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5
Q

Immune cells in COPD from noxious stimuli (cigarette smoke):

A

CD8+
Macs
Neuts

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6
Q

submucosal glandular hyperplasia

abundant mucus

A

COPD

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7
Q

progressive acinar destruction

permanent airspace enlargement

A

emphysema

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8
Q

alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

A

panacinar Emphysema

most severe in lower lobes

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9
Q

cells that release elastolytic proteinases in emphysema:

A

neutrophils

macrophages

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10
Q

predominant mechanism of airflow obstruction in chronic bronchitis:

A

mucus plugging

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11
Q

polycythemia = ?

A

chronic hypoxemia

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12
Q

Three bugs for bacterial COPD exacerbations:

A

Moraxella

H influenza

S pneumo

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13
Q

permanent dilation of bronchi/bronchioles:

A

bronchiectasis

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14
Q

classic disease association with bronchiectasis:

A

cystic fibrosis

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15
Q

primary ciliary dyskinesia:

A

Kartagener’s syndrome

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16
Q

alveolar exudative (neutrophilic) infiltration:

A

common bacterial pneumonia

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17
Q

“atypical” (interstitial) pneumonia causes:

A

mycoplasma

chlamydophylia

viruses

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18
Q

necrotizing granulomas

A

fungi

mycobacteria

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19
Q

Bugs where urinary antigen testing has high PPV in PNA dx:

A

S. pneumo

Legionella

histoplasmosis

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20
Q

emerging serum test to differentiate bacterial from viral PNA?

A

procalcitonin

elevated in bacterial infx

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21
Q

Commonest PNA in COPD:

A

H influenzae

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22
Q

Intracellular PNA

A

Chlamydophilia

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23
Q

Water droplets from water reservoir:

A

Legionella

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24
Q

PNA associated with hyponatremia:

A

Legionella

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25
Q

Legionella

Gram ?

A

negative

bacilli

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26
Q

Silver

Charcoal

Iron

cysteine

A

Legionella

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27
Q

fulminant PNA in young immunocompetent pts

early empyema

A

Group A Strep

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28
Q

Mice

southwestern USA

ARDS

A

Hanta virus

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29
Q

granuloma with calification or necrotizing

if not TB, think:

A

fungal

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30
Q

Ohio/Mississippi River valleys

bat bird droppings

spelunkers

A

Histoplasmosis

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31
Q

hilar adenopathy

A

Histoplasmosis

32
Q

spores within macrophages

A

Histoplasmosis

33
Q

Great lakes region

pets

moist soil

A

blastomycosis

34
Q

budding yeasts

kind of looks like googly eyes

A

blastomycosis

35
Q

southwest desert

“valley fever”

A

coccidiomycosis

36
Q

diffuse alveolar damage

hyaline membranes

dyspnea, hypoxia, diffuse pulmonary infiltrates

A

ARDS

37
Q

most common cause of ARDS

A

sepsis

38
Q

acute respiratory failure without clear precipitating etiology

A

acute interstitial pneumonia

looks like ARDS

39
Q

non-infectious inflammation of pulmonary interstitium

A

interstitial parenchymal lung disease

40
Q

interstitial lung disease in females with associated PTX

A

lymphanioleiomymatosis

41
Q

most lethal interstitial lung disease

A

ideopathic pulmonary fibrosis

42
Q

honeycomb histology

A

ideopathic pulmonary fibrosis

43
Q

two major connective tissue diseases associated with interstitial lung disease

A

RA

scleroderma

44
Q

mining/sandblasting

A

silicosis

45
Q

multiple small fibrotic nodules

upper lung fields

A

silicosis

46
Q

serpentine and amphibole fibers

A

asbestos

47
Q

mesothelioma

A

asbestos

48
Q

calcified pleural plaques

A

asbestos

49
Q

blackening of lungs

A

anthracosis

50
Q

idiopathic systemic granulomatous disease

A

sarcoidosis

51
Q

most common demographic for sarcoidosis

A

african american

52
Q

bilateral hilar adenopathy

A

sarcoidosis

53
Q

non-caseating granulomas

A

sarcoidosis

54
Q

CD4/CD8 ratio in sarcoidosis

A

4:1

55
Q

age for sarcoidosis typically

A

younger

56
Q

Adult

unilateral

hilar mass

A

brochogenic carcinoma

57
Q

cavitating neoplasm

A

squamous cell carcinoma

because it necroses in the middle

58
Q

solitary peripheral nodule in adult

A

cancer

59
Q

most likely lung cancer in the periphery?

A

adenocarcinoma

60
Q

cancer with generally favorable prognosis in smokers:

A

Carcinoid

well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor

61
Q

cancer that mimics pneumonia:

A

bronchioloalveolar carcinoma

62
Q

SIADH cause

A

small cell lung ca

63
Q

Cushing’s syndrome due to ACTH production:

A

small cell lung ca

64
Q

Lambert-Eaton

A

small cell lung ca

65
Q

Hematologic effects of lung cancer:

A

anemia

leukocytosis (really high)

thrombocytosis

hypercoagulability

66
Q

Commonest benign tumor:

A

hamartoma

67
Q

solitary nodule on cxr less worrisome for CA if?

A

calcified

68
Q

commonest sight of metastatic neoplasms in the body:

A

lung

typically multiple and bilateral

can be solitary

69
Q

causes of transudative effusion:

A

CHF

nephrotic syndrome

cirrhosis

peritoneal dialysis

urinothorax

70
Q

causes of exudative effusion:

A

PNA

PE, bleeding, pancreatitis

MALIGNANCY

71
Q

New effusion you may not need to tap?

A

BL small in uncomplicated CHF

72
Q

low pleural fluid glucose

pH

A

parapneumonic

73
Q

recurrent pleural effusion:

A

cancer

74
Q

Fairly benign pleural tumor:

A

solitary fibrous tumor

75
Q

Pleural tumor that is really bad:

A

Malignant mesothelioma

CRRAB II (28 decks)

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