TPO5 Flashcards
deficient
- adj imperfect, inadequate
- Lacking
- not containing or having enough of something:
- Women who are dieting can become iron deficient.
- deficient in
- patients who were deficient in vitamin C
notorious
• famous or well-known for something bad [= infamous]: • Ill-famed
• a notorious computer hacker
• notorious cases of human rights abuses
• notorious for •
a judge notorious for his cruelty and corruption
serpentine
winding like a snake: twisting, curved
the serpentine course of the river
2 complicated and difficult to understand
: a serpentine plot
deplete
- Diminish, lessen, reduce, use up, weaken
- Salmon populations have been severely depleted.
- the depletion of the ozone layer
pigment
- Color, shade, dye,
- Melanin is the dark brown pigment of the hair, skin and eyes.
- The artist Sandy Lee uses natural pigments in her work.
stunt
- to stop something or someone from growing to their full size or developing properly:
- Lack of sunlight will stunt the plant’s growth.
slender
- Thin, delicate, fragile, small
- The company only has a slender hope of survival.
- The Republicans won the election by a slender majority.
- We had to make the most of our rather slender resources.
Omit
- leave out, eliminate,
- Please don’t omit any details, no matter how trivial they may seem. • Lisa’s name had been omitted from the list of honor students.
harvest
- Crop, result, output
- the crops that have been gathered, or the amount and quality of the crops gathered
- good/bumper harvest (=a lot of crops)
- Plum growers are expecting a bumper harvest this year.
- poor/bad harvest (=few crops)
interrupt
- Cut off, stop, discontinue,
- Will you stop interrupting me!
- Sorry to interrupt, but I need to ask you to come downstairs.
- My studies were interrupted by the war.
facilitate
- Aid, ease, expedite,
- to make it easier for a process or activity to happen:
- Computers can be used to facilitate language learning.
suspend
- Hang from above, dangle, swing, stop
- to officially stop something from continuing, especially for a short time:
- Sales of the drug will be suspended until more tests are completed.
- Talks between the two countries have now been suspended.
mist
- Fog
- We could just see the outline of the house through the mist.
- Next morning, the whole town was shrouded in mist (=covered in mist).
Pathogen
• something that causes disease in your body
contaminate
Pollute, make dirty
• Drinking water supplies are believed to have been contaminated.
• He claims the poster ads have ‘contaminated Berlin’s streets’.
toxic
- Poisonous
* Toxic chemicals were spilled into the river.
Excavation
• if a scientist or archaeologist excavates an area of land, they dig carefully to find ancient objects, bones etc: • Schliemann excavated the ancient city of Troy.
scatter
- Distribute
- Scatter the onions over the fish.
- The flowers fell and scattered on the ground.
speculate
- Guess, hypothesize
- Jones refused to speculate about what might happen.
- Some analysts speculated that jobs will be lost.
Mutual
• Reciprocal, two-sided
• Mutual respect is necessary for any partnership to work.
• European nations can live together in a spirit of mutual trust.
• I didn’t like Dev, and the feeling seemed to be mutual. •
The two men were a mutual admiration society, gushing about how much they were learning from each other.
exclude
- ≠ include
- to deliberately not include something
- The press had been deliberately excluded from the event.
- Sarah heard the other girls talking and laughing and felt excluded.
- The judges decided to exclude evidence which had been unfairly attained.
deprecate
• to strongly disapprove of or criticize something
Overwhelming
- 1 having such a great effect on you that you feel confused and do not know how to react: • an overwhelming sense of guilt
- She felt an overwhelming desire to hit him.
- She found the city quite overwhelming when she first arrived.
- 2 very large or greater, more important etc than any other:
- There is overwhelming evidence that smoking damages your health.
- An overwhelming majority of the members were against the idea.
- The proposal has been given overwhelming support.
- The British Air Force succeeded despite overwhelming odds against them.
Implement
- Use, make use of, tool
* We have decided to implement the committee’s recommendations in full.
prerequistie
- something that is necessary before something else can happen or be done • prerequisite for/of/to
- A reasonable proficiency in English is a prerequisite for the course.
maritime
Marine
maroon
- to be left in a place where there are no other people and where you cannot escape:
- The car broke down and left us marooned in the middle of nowhere.
adrift
a boat that is adrift is not fastened to anything or controlled by anyone: • Several of the lifeboats were still afloat a month after being cast adrift.
• 2 someone who is adrift is confused about what to do in their life:
• a young woman adrift in London
feat
- Challenge
* They climbed the mountain in 28 days, a remarkable feat.
deliberate
- Intentional, on purpose
- a deliberate attempt to humiliate her
- The attack on him was quite deliberate.
expedition
• Trip, journey, travel, • an expedition to the North Pole • another Everest expedition
simulation
• a computer simulation used to train airline pilots
derive
• to get something, especially an advantage or a pleasant feeling, from something •
derive something from something
• Medically, we will derive great benefit from this technique.
• derive pleasure/enjoyment etc
• Many students derived enormous satisfaction from the course.
Undisputed
- Unquestioned
- 1 known to be definitely true:
- Doctors found undisputed evidence of nerve damage.
- 2 accepted by everyone
- undisputed leader/champion/master etc
- the undisputed world heavyweight champion
Relatively
• Fairly, almost, quite • The system is relatively easy to use. • E-commerce is a relatively recent phenomenon.
descendant
- someone who is related to a person who lived a long time ago, or to a family, group of people etc that existed in the past [↪ ancestor] • somebody’s descendants/the descendants of somebody
- The coastal areas were occupied by the descendants of Greek colonists.
- He was a direct descendant of Napoleon Bonaparte.
- 2 something that has developed from something else
- descendant of
- Quechua is a descendant of the Inca language.
assign
to give someone a particular job or make them responsible for a particular person or thing
• I’ve been assigned the task of looking after the new students.
detritus
• pieces of waste that remain after something has been broken up or used
algae
جلبلك
crab
خرچنگ
niche
if you find your niche, you find a job or activity that is very suitable for you:
• Amanda soon found her niche at the club.
• He’s managed to create a niche for himself in local politics.
