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TPO > TPO10 > Flashcards

TPO10 Flashcards

0
Q

civilization

A

civilization of
the ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome

• the dawn of civilization (=the beginning of civilization)

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1
Q

pottery

A

• 1 objects made out of baked clay:
• Native American pottery
ظروف سفالی •

  • 2 the activity of making pots, dishes out of clay:
  • a pottery class
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2
Q

despite

A

• Regardless of
Not withstanding
Even though

• She went to Spain despite the fact that her doctor had told her to rest.

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3
Q

long-standing

A

• The impact of divorce on children can be long-lasting.

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4
Q

porcelain

A 
a hard shiny white substance that is used for making expensive plates, cups etc➔ china:
    a porcelain vase
2
UTENSILS
plates, cups etc made of this➔ china
چيني
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5
Q

Status

A
  • 1 position, condition [↪ standing]:
    * documents have no legal status in Britain.
  • 2 social or professional rank or position
    * Doctors have traditionally enjoyed high social status.
  • 3 respect and importance that someone or something is given [= prestige]:
    * the status given to education
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6
Q

ceramics

A

an exhibition of ceramics

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7
Q

vary

A

differ

Cooking times may vary slightly, depending on your oven.

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8
Q

dynasty

A

سلسله پادشاهي

ال

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9
Q

era

A

• a period of time in history that is known for a particular event, or for particular qualities

  • We live in an era of instant communication.
  • His death marked the end of an era.
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10
Q

fall into

A
  • belong to a group or type of things

* Many illnesses fall into the category of stress-related illnesses.

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11
Q

earthenware

A

• an earthenware pot, bowl etc is made of very hard baked clay

سفالی، گلی •

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12
Q

stoneware

A

ظروف سفالین سنگ نما •l

Ironware اهن آلات

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13
Q

ware

A

• 1 things made of a particular material, especially for use in the home: • silverware (=silver spoons, knives etc)

  • 2 things used in a particular place for the preparation or serving of food:
  • ovenware (=dishes for use in the oven)
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14
Q

vessel

A
  • 1a ship or large boat:
  • a fishing vessel
  • 2 a container for holding liquids
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15
Q

glaze

A

to cover plates, cups etc made of clay with a thin liquid that gives them a shiny surface

صیقل کردن •
• Shine, Luster
• Glazed surfaces

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16
Q

kiln

A

• a special oven for baking clay pots, bricks etc

کوره •

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17
Q

evolve

A
  • Change gradually
  • Develop
  • Progress

• The group gradually evolved into a political party.

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18
Q

delineate

A
  • Describe
  • outline

• The document delineates your rights and your obligations.

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19
Q

embrace

A

• Include • Encircle • Enfold •

This course embraces several different aspects of psychology.

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20
Q

Ornament

A
  • a small object that you keep in your house because it is beautiful rather than useful:
  • decoration , accessory
  • a shelf covered with books and ornaments
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21
Q

Lead 2

A

سرب

• Lead- glazed tomb

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22
Q

Tomb

A

• a stone structure above or below the ground where a dead person is buried:

مقبره •

• the family tomb

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23
Q

Temple

Worship

A

a building where people go to worship, in the Jewish, Hindu, Buddhist, Sikh, and Mormon religions

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24
Q

motif

A

• a small picture or pattern used to decorate something plain:

  • Pattern, Design, Idea
  • a white T-shirt with a blue fish motif
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25
Q

Slip

N

A

• a mixture of clay and water that is used for decorating pots

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26
Q

intrinsic

A

inborn
inherent
innate
built-in

OPP extrinsic
• intrinsic nature/quality/value/property of something

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27
Q

far-reaching

A

• having a great influence or effect

  • far-reaching reforms/proposals/changes
  • far-reaching implications/impact/effects
  • Tourism has had far-reaching effects on the island’s culture.
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28
Q

impact

A
  • the effect or influence
  • major/significant/profound etc impact
  • ! Do not say ‘cause an impact’ on something. Say “have an impact” on something.
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29
Q

instigate

A

1
GOVERNMENT
to make a process start, especially one relating to law or politics:
Charles instigated a programme of reforms.

2to persuade someone to do something bad or violent:
He accused union leaders of instigating the disturbances.
—instigator noun[countable]

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30
Q

ore

A

rock or earth from which metal can be obtained:
iron ore
veins of rich ore

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31
Q

muted

A
  • a muted colour or light is soft and gentle, not bright

* muted pinks and blues

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32
Q

Stimulate

A

Provoke
arouse
Motivate

Her interest in art was stimulated by her father.

• the President’s plan to stimulate economic growth

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33
Q

notably

A

• especially, in particular

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34
Q

Spout

A

• a small pipe on the side of a container that you pour liquid out through

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35
Q

Whereas

A

While

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36
Q

merely

A

Only

Just

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37
Q

Adorn

A

Embellish
Decorate

adornment,embellishment,decoration

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38
Q

Dragon

A

اژدها

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39
Q

Phoenix

A

سيمرغ

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40
Q

empress

A

a female ruler of an EMPIRE, or the wife of an EMPEROR

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41
Q

pomegranate

A

أنار

42
Q

bliss

A

perfect happiness or enjoyment

• six months of wedded bliss

43
Q

emblem

A

نماد

Logo

44
Q

Obscure

A

Only when European decorative themes were introduced did these meanings become obscured or even lost.

45
Q

Imperial

A

سلطنتي

46
Q

Commission

A

The report was commissioned by the Welsh Office.

47
Q

Crane

A

Hoist

جر ثقيل

48
Q

secular

A

Secular education

49
Q

acquire

A

get

50
Q

Just as,….,,so

A

4(just) as…, so… formal
used to compare two people or things, when they are similar:
Just as the French love their wine, so the English love their beer.

51
Q

assist

A

assist (somebody) with/in something

You will be employed to assist in the development of new equipment.

52
Q

lyrical

A

Long and often lyrical descriptions of the different types of ware exist that assist in classifying pot

53
Q

constitute

A
  • 1 to be considered to be something
  • The rise in crime constitutes a threat to society.
  • 2 if several people or things constitute something, they are the parts that form it:
  • We must redefine what constitutes a family.
54
Q

millennia

A
  • The plural form of millenium (a period of 1000 years)

* people who have inhabited this land for millennia

55
Q

undergo

A

if you undergo a change, an unpleasant experience etc, it happens to you or is done to you

  • The country has undergone massive changes recently.
  • He has been released from prison to undergo medical treatment in the United States.
56
Q

intervention

A

the act of becoming involved in an argument, fight, or other difficult situation in order to change what happens
• interference
• government intervention to regulate prices
مداخله

57
Q

Immensely

A
  • Greatly
  • Extremely
  • Very much

• We enjoyed the play immensely

58
Q

accord

A
  • of somebody’s/something’s own accord
  • without being asked or forced to do something
  • He decided to go of his own accord.
  • The door seemed to move of its own accord.
59
Q

oppose

A

Disagree
Dispute

Congress is continuing to oppose the President’s healthcare budget.

60
Q

ambient

A

• ambient temperature/light / climate etc
means the temperature etc of the surrounding area

حرارت پيرامون(محيط)

61
Q

Infer

A

• form an opinion that something is probably true because of information that you have

  • A lot can be inferred from these statistics.
  • From the evidence we can infer that the victim knew her killer.
62
Q

Proxy

A

Proxy vote

63
Q

embed

A
  • Be put into something

* A piece of glass was embedded in her hand

64
Q

Nonetheless

A
  • in spite of

* Nevertheless

65
Q

intriguing

A

Fascinating

66
Q

striking

A

Noticeable
• Unusual and interesting to be easily noticed
• a striking contrast between wealth and poverty

67
Q

erratic

A

arbitrary, irregular, inconsistent
• His breathing was becoming erratic.
• his erratic behavior

68
Q

deliberation

A
  • 1 careful consideration or discussion of something:
  • After much deliberation, first prize was awarded to Derek Murray.
  • 2 if you speak or move with deliberation, you speak or move slowly and carefully
69
Q

solar

A

Solar eclipse

70
Q

Invoke

A

Call upon

71
Q

lift

A

Move upward
• Ascend
• The lumber was lifted by crane and dropped into the truck.

72
Q

Medieval

A

قرون وسطي

A medieval castle

73
Q

key

A

Very important
Principal
Chief

key factor/points/questions etc

The President makes all the key decisions on foreign policy.

74
Q

expense

A

legal/medical/living/travel etc expenses (=the money that you spend for a particular purpose)

  • at great/considerable/vast expense
  • Conference rooms were equipped at great expense.
75
Q

reclaim

A

to make an area of desert, wet land etc suitable for farming or building

• This land will be reclaimed for a new airport.

76
Q

surplus

A
  • Excess
  • Spare
  • Leftover
77
Q

Merchant

A

بازرگان

78
Q

Plentiful

A

• Abundant • Ample • a plentiful supply of food

79
Q

ravages

A

• the ravages of war

80
Q

Peasant

A

• Most villagers are peasant farmers.

81
Q

spin

Spun

A

Past tense = Spun

• to make cotton, wool etc into thread by twisting it

82
Q

weave

Wove

A

Only a few of the women still weave.

83
Q

linen

A

كتان

84
Q

scant

A

Not enough
Meager
Insufficient

The story has received scant attention in the press.

85
Q

remuneration

A

the pay you give someone for something they have done for you
• high rates of remuneration

86
Q

Meager

A

meager income/earnings/wages etc •

He supplements his meager income by working on Saturdays.

87
Q

smelt

A

• to melt a rock that contains metal in order to remove the metal

88
Q

Marshal

A

Ginny marshalled her guests in a better position.

89
Q

promissory note

A

سفته

90
Q

equivalent

A

• Same, similar, comparable

91
Q

Authorize

A
  • Empower
  • to give official permission for something
  • an authorized biography
  • Napoleon III authorized Haussmann to rebuild Paris.
92
Q

contribute

A

1 to give money, help, ideas etc to something that a lot of other people are also involved in

• The volunteers contribute their own time to the project.

93
Q

Loan

A

وأم

94
Q

Infusion

A
  • the act of putting a new feeling or quality into something
  • Further education badly needs the infusion of more resources.
95
Q

stem

A
  • stem from something = to develop as a result of something else
  • His headaches stemmed from vision problems
96
Q

finance

A

• provide money, especially a lot of money, to pay for something [= fund]

97
Q

joint stock

A

• joint-stock company is a company that is owned by all the people with SHARES in it

98
Q

Cooperation

A

• Collaboration

  • political co-operation with Britain
  • A study was undertaken in co-operation with oil companies.
99
Q

at the expense of

A

At the expense of

100
Q

Chaotic

A

chaotic

101
Q

labor

A

Labor

102
Q

invasion

A

Invade

Evade

TPO (10 decks)

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