TPO10 Flashcards
civilization
civilization of
the ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome
• the dawn of civilization (=the beginning of civilization)
pottery
• 1 objects made out of baked clay:
• Native American pottery
ظروف سفالی •
- 2 the activity of making pots, dishes out of clay:
- a pottery class
despite
• Regardless of
Not withstanding
Even though
• She went to Spain despite the fact that her doctor had told her to rest.
long-standing
• The impact of divorce on children can be long-lasting.
porcelain
a hard shiny white substance that is used for making expensive plates, cups etc➔ china:
a porcelain vase
2
UTENSILS
plates, cups etc made of this➔ china
چينيStatus
- 1 position, condition [↪ standing]:
* documents have no legal status in Britain. - 2 social or professional rank or position
* Doctors have traditionally enjoyed high social status. - 3 respect and importance that someone or something is given [= prestige]:
* the status given to education
ceramics
an exhibition of ceramics
vary
differ
Cooking times may vary slightly, depending on your oven.
dynasty
سلسله پادشاهي
ال
era
• a period of time in history that is known for a particular event, or for particular qualities
- We live in an era of instant communication.
- His death marked the end of an era.
fall into
- belong to a group or type of things
* Many illnesses fall into the category of stress-related illnesses.
earthenware
• an earthenware pot, bowl etc is made of very hard baked clay
سفالی، گلی •
stoneware
ظروف سفالین سنگ نما •l
Ironware اهن آلات
ware
• 1 things made of a particular material, especially for use in the home: • silverware (=silver spoons, knives etc)
- 2 things used in a particular place for the preparation or serving of food:
- ovenware (=dishes for use in the oven)
vessel
- 1a ship or large boat:
- a fishing vessel
- 2 a container for holding liquids
glaze
to cover plates, cups etc made of clay with a thin liquid that gives them a shiny surface
صیقل کردن •
• Shine, Luster
• Glazed surfaces
kiln
• a special oven for baking clay pots, bricks etc
کوره •
evolve
- Change gradually
- Develop
- Progress
• The group gradually evolved into a political party.
delineate
- Describe
- outline
• The document delineates your rights and your obligations.
embrace
• Include • Encircle • Enfold •
This course embraces several different aspects of psychology.
Ornament
- a small object that you keep in your house because it is beautiful rather than useful:
- decoration , accessory
- a shelf covered with books and ornaments
Lead 2
سرب
• Lead- glazed tomb
Tomb
• a stone structure above or below the ground where a dead person is buried:
مقبره •
• the family tomb
Temple
Worship
a building where people go to worship, in the Jewish, Hindu, Buddhist, Sikh, and Mormon religions
motif
• a small picture or pattern used to decorate something plain:
- Pattern, Design, Idea
- a white T-shirt with a blue fish motif
Slip
N
• a mixture of clay and water that is used for decorating pots
intrinsic
inborn
inherent
innate
built-in
OPP extrinsic
• intrinsic nature/quality/value/property of something
far-reaching
• having a great influence or effect
- far-reaching reforms/proposals/changes
- far-reaching implications/impact/effects
- Tourism has had far-reaching effects on the island’s culture.
impact
- the effect or influence
- major/significant/profound etc impact
- ! Do not say ‘cause an impact’ on something. Say “have an impact” on something.
instigate
1
GOVERNMENT
to make a process start, especially one relating to law or politics:
Charles instigated a programme of reforms.
2to persuade someone to do something bad or violent:
He accused union leaders of instigating the disturbances.
—instigator noun[countable]
ore
rock or earth from which metal can be obtained:
iron ore
veins of rich ore
muted
- a muted colour or light is soft and gentle, not bright
* muted pinks and blues
Stimulate
Provoke
arouse
Motivate
Her interest in art was stimulated by her father.
• the President’s plan to stimulate economic growth
notably
• especially, in particular
Spout
• a small pipe on the side of a container that you pour liquid out through
Whereas
While
merely
Only
Just
Adorn
Embellish
Decorate
adornment,embellishment,decoration
Dragon
اژدها
Phoenix
سيمرغ
empress
a female ruler of an EMPIRE, or the wife of an EMPEROR
pomegranate
أنار
bliss
perfect happiness or enjoyment
• six months of wedded bliss
emblem
نماد
Logo
Obscure
Only when European decorative themes were introduced did these meanings become obscured or even lost.
Imperial
سلطنتي
Commission
The report was commissioned by the Welsh Office.
Crane
Hoist
جر ثقيل
secular
Secular education
acquire
get
Just as,….,,so
4(just) as…, so… formal
used to compare two people or things, when they are similar:
Just as the French love their wine, so the English love their beer.
assist
assist (somebody) with/in something
You will be employed to assist in the development of new equipment.
lyrical
Long and often lyrical descriptions of the different types of ware exist that assist in classifying pot
constitute
- 1 to be considered to be something
- The rise in crime constitutes a threat to society.
- 2 if several people or things constitute something, they are the parts that form it:
- We must redefine what constitutes a family.
millennia
- The plural form of millenium (a period of 1000 years)
* people who have inhabited this land for millennia
undergo
if you undergo a change, an unpleasant experience etc, it happens to you or is done to you
- The country has undergone massive changes recently.
- He has been released from prison to undergo medical treatment in the United States.
intervention
the act of becoming involved in an argument, fight, or other difficult situation in order to change what happens
• interference
• government intervention to regulate prices
مداخله
Immensely
- Greatly
- Extremely
- Very much
• We enjoyed the play immensely
accord
- of somebody’s/something’s own accord
- without being asked or forced to do something
- He decided to go of his own accord.
- The door seemed to move of its own accord.
oppose
Disagree
Dispute
Congress is continuing to oppose the President’s healthcare budget.
ambient
• ambient temperature/light / climate etc
means the temperature etc of the surrounding area
حرارت پيرامون(محيط)
Infer
• form an opinion that something is probably true because of information that you have
- A lot can be inferred from these statistics.
- From the evidence we can infer that the victim knew her killer.
Proxy
Proxy vote
embed
- Be put into something
* A piece of glass was embedded in her hand
Nonetheless
- in spite of
* Nevertheless
intriguing
Fascinating
striking
Noticeable
• Unusual and interesting to be easily noticed
• a striking contrast between wealth and poverty
erratic
arbitrary, irregular, inconsistent
• His breathing was becoming erratic.
• his erratic behavior
deliberation
- 1 careful consideration or discussion of something:
- After much deliberation, first prize was awarded to Derek Murray.
- 2 if you speak or move with deliberation, you speak or move slowly and carefully
solar
Solar eclipse
Invoke
Call upon
lift
Move upward
• Ascend
• The lumber was lifted by crane and dropped into the truck.
Medieval
قرون وسطي
A medieval castle
key
Very important
Principal
Chief
key factor/points/questions etc
The President makes all the key decisions on foreign policy.
expense
legal/medical/living/travel etc expenses (=the money that you spend for a particular purpose)
- at great/considerable/vast expense
- Conference rooms were equipped at great expense.
reclaim
to make an area of desert, wet land etc suitable for farming or building
• This land will be reclaimed for a new airport.
surplus
- Excess
- Spare
- Leftover
Merchant
بازرگان
Plentiful
• Abundant • Ample • a plentiful supply of food
ravages
• the ravages of war
Peasant
• Most villagers are peasant farmers.
spin
Spun
Past tense = Spun
• to make cotton, wool etc into thread by twisting it
weave
Wove
Only a few of the women still weave.
linen
كتان
scant
Not enough
Meager
Insufficient
The story has received scant attention in the press.
remuneration
the pay you give someone for something they have done for you
• high rates of remuneration
Meager
meager income/earnings/wages etc •
He supplements his meager income by working on Saturdays.
smelt
• to melt a rock that contains metal in order to remove the metal
Marshal
Ginny marshalled her guests in a better position.
promissory note
سفته
equivalent
• Same, similar, comparable
Authorize
- Empower
- to give official permission for something
- an authorized biography
- Napoleon III authorized Haussmann to rebuild Paris.
contribute
1 to give money, help, ideas etc to something that a lot of other people are also involved in
• The volunteers contribute their own time to the project.
Loan
وأم
Infusion
- the act of putting a new feeling or quality into something
- Further education badly needs the infusion of more resources.
stem
- stem from something = to develop as a result of something else
- His headaches stemmed from vision problems
finance
• provide money, especially a lot of money, to pay for something [= fund]
joint stock
• joint-stock company is a company that is owned by all the people with SHARES in it
Cooperation
• Collaboration
- political co-operation with Britain
- A study was undertaken in co-operation with oil companies.
at the expense of
At the expense of
Chaotic
chaotic
labor
Labor
invasion
Invade
Evade
