TPO3 Flashcards
texture
the way a surface or material feels when you touch it, especially how smooth or rough it is
• smooth/silky/rough etc. texture
• the smooth texture of silk •
a designer who experiments with different colours and textures
بافت •
aspiration
a strong desire to have or achieve something [= ambition]:
• a high level of political aspiration
• aspiration of
• the aspirations of the working classes
harmony
when people live or work together without fighting or disagreeing with each other:
• I do believe it is possible for different ethnic groups to live together in harmony.
• the pleasant effect made by different things that form an attractive whole:
• the harmony of sea and sky
shelter
a place to live, considered as one of the basic needs of life:
• They are in need of food and shelter.
• 2 [uncountable] protection from danger or from wind, rain, hot sun etc
• shelter of
• We reached the shelter of the caves.
enhance
to improve something:
Good lighting will enhance any room.
The publicity has enhanced his reputation
intensify, compound, heighten, deepen better, improve, amend, ameliorate, meliorate
Inspiration
• a good idea about what you should do, write, say etc, especially one which you get suddenly
• The Malvern Hills have provided inspiration for many artists and musicians over the decades.
• He raised his eyes to the altar as if seeking inspiration.
• He draws inspiration from ordinary scenes.
• Mary Quant’s inspiration comes from the glam style of the 70s.
• He had a sudden flash of inspiration.
• He has always been a source of inspiration for me.
الهام •
delight
a feeling of great pleasure and satisfaction
• The kids were screaming with delight.
• It was a delight to see him so fit and healthy.
contribute
- to give money, help, ideas etc to something that a lot of other people are also involved in
- contribute to/towards
- City employees cannot contribute to political campaigns.
enrich
to improve the quality of something, especially by adding things to it:
• Add fertilizer to enrich the soil.
• Education can greatly enrich your life.
• better, improve, amend, ameliorate, meliorate
feasible
- Possible- practical
- a plan, idea, or method that is feasible is possible and is likely to work:
- a feasible solution
- economically/technically/politically etc feasible
- It was no longer financially feasible to keep the community centre open.
mediocre
not very good [= second rate]:
I thought the book was pretty mediocre.
a mediocre student
trace
find somebody/something to find someone or something that has disappeared by searching for them carefully:
• She had given up all hope of tracing her missing daughter.
• Police are trying to trace a young woman who was seen near the accident.
• to find the origins of when something began or where it came from
• trace something (back) to something
• They’ve traced their ancestry to Scotland.
• The style of these paintings can be traced back to early medieval influences.
dramatically
- great and sudden
- dramatic change/shift/improvement
- Computers have brought dramatic changes to the workplace.
- dramatic increase/rise/fall/drop/reduction etc
- Universities have suffered a dramatic drop in student numbers.
- dramatic effect/results
- A serious accident can have a dramatic effect on your family’s finances.
devise
- invent, contrive, devise, excogitate, formulate, forge
* She devised a method for quicker communications between offices.
gravity
the force that causes something to fall to the جاذبهground or to be attracted to another
• the extreme and worrying seriousness of a situation
• gravity of
• I could not hide from her the gravity of the situation.
• The penalties should be proportionate to the gravity of the offence.
Withstand
* This fabric can withstand steam and high temperatures.
integral
- forming a necessary part of something: essential, necessary, needed • Vegetables are an integral part of our diet.
- integral to
- Statistics are integral to medical research.
enclose
to surround something, especially with a fence or wall, in order to make it separate: confine
• The pool area is enclosed by a six-foot wall.
• an enclosed area
interior
the inner part or inside of something [≠ exterior]:
• The interior of the church was dark.
• the car’s warm interior
plumbing
the pipes that water flows through in a building:
• We keep having problems with the plumbing
permanent
continuing to exist for a long time or for all the time in the future [≠ temporary]:
• He gave up a permanent job in order to freelance.
• a permanent change in your eating habits
• The blindness that the disease causes will be permanent.
Permanence(n)
arduous
involving a lot of strength and effort
• arduous task/work
• the arduous task of loading all the boxes into the van
pile
Gather
• to fill a place or container or cover a surface with a large amount of things
• pile something into/onto etc something
• He piled bread and milk into his basket.
• Melissa piled spaghetti onto her plate
Curve
a line that gradually bends like part of a circle curve of the curve of her hips کج خم a sweeping curve of railroad track
brick
a hard block of baked clay used for building walls, houses etc:
• a brick wall
• a house made of brick
• Protesters attacked the police with stones and bricks.
آجر.
segment
- a part of something that is different from or affected differently from the whole in some way
- segment of
- segments of the population
horizontal
Flat and level
a horizontal surface —horizontally adverb Opposite [↪ diagonal, vertical
Rancher
someone who owns or works on a ranch
• a very large farm in the western US and Canada where sheep, cattle, or horses are bred (ranch)
دامدار •
accumulate
- collect, accumulate, pile up, amass, compile, hoard
- It is unjust that a privileged few should continue to accumulate wealth
- the accumulation of data
drill
- to make a hole in something using a drill:
- Drill a hole in each corner.
- drill into/through
- He accidentally drilled into a water pipe.
drought
a long period of dry weather when there is not enough water for plants and animals to live
خشکسالی •
ensuing
- happening after a particular action or event, especially as a result of it • the ensuing battle/conflict/debate etc
- In the ensuing fighting, two students were killed.
- the ensuing days/months/years etc (=the days, months etc after an event)
- The situation deteriorated over the ensuing weeks
negligible
too slight or unimportant to have any effect [= insignificant]:
• The damage done to his property was negligible.
Virtually
Almost
• almost [= practically]:
• Virtually all the children come to school by bus.
• He was virtually unknown before running for office.
replenish
refill, fill again fill, fill up, make full
• More vaccines are needed to replenish our stocks.
drastic
- extreme and sudden
- drastic action/measures
- NATO threatened drastic action if its terms were not met.
- drastic cuts in government spending
- Drastic changes are needed if environmental catastrophe is to be avoided.
- —drastically /-kli/ adverb:
- The size of the army was drastically cut
incentive
• something that encourages you to work harder, start a new activity etc: • As an added incentive, there’s a bottle of champagne for the best team. • create/provide/give somebody an incentive • Awards provide an incentive for young people to improve their skills. • incentive to do something • Farmers lack any incentive to manage their land organically. • economic/financial/tax etc incentives • a recycling drive backed with financial incentives انگیزه مشوق •
Motivation
conserve
- preserve, maintain, keep up
- to protect something and prevent it from changing or being damaged [= preserve]:
- We must conserve our woodlands for future generations.
- efforts to conserve fish stocks
grandiose
- grandiose plans sound very important or impressive, but are not practical
- grandiose scheme/plan/idea etc
- grandiose schemes of urban renewal
Scheme
- an official plan that is intended to help people in some way, for example by providing education or training [= program
- The money will be used for teacher training schemes.
- a pension scheme
strain
- Stress
- I couldn’t look after him any more; the strain was too much for me.
- Did you find the job a strain?
- the stresses and strains of police life
- 2) difficulty
- The dry summer has further increased the strain on water resources
succession
• 1 in succession happening one after the other without anything different happening in between: •
She won the championship four times in succession.
• in quick/rapid/close succession (=quickly one after the other)
• He fired two shots in quick succession.
• 2 a succession of something a number of people or things of the same kind following, coming or happening one after the other:
• A succession of visitors came to the door.
cumulative
increasing gradually as more of something is added or happens:
• Learning is a cumulative process.
• cumulative effect (of something)
• Depression is often caused by the cumulative effects of stress and overwork.
pond
• a small area of fresh water that is smaller than a lake, that is either natural or artificially made
حوضچه •
relatively
• Fairly, almost
• The system is relatively easy to use.
• E-commerce is a relatively recent phenomenon.
نسبتا •
Invasion
enter, come in, get into, get in, go into, go in, move into
• Every summer the town is invaded by tourists.
• Fans invaded the pitch at half-time.
• The Romans invaded Britain 2000 years ago.
هجموم،تجاوز
Pest
• a small animal or insect that destroys crops or food supplies [↪ vermin]: •
a chemical used in pest control آفت •
resilience
• Toughness • the resilience of youth • People showed remarkable during the war.
niche
Gap,hole
vacate
- Leave
- Clay will vacate the position on June 19.
- Guests must vacate their rooms by 11:00.
intact
- not broken, damaged, or spoiled:
- Only the medieval tower had remained intact.
- His reputation survived intact.
pale in
Loses significance
3pale in / by comparison to seem small or unimportant compared to something else:
pale to/with
Today’s economic problems pale in comparison with those of the 1930s.
