Toxicology exam 3 Flashcards
what is the time difference between subchronic and chronic exposure to toxicants
subchronic is 1-3 months. think cu in sheep and dogs
chrink is greater than 3 months. can also be Cu
most common route of exposure for animals
oral
what causes white muscle disease?
selenium deficiency cant sequester calcium
how does bromethalin tox effect the nervous system
increases sodium [] in cells in brains. cells swell. causes cerebral and spinal adema
phase 1 versus phase 2 metabolism
phase one makes the toxin more polar, drug is converted to toxic agent
phase 2 is conjugation, binds and secretion is goal
how does nitrate tox occur in ruminants
cows normally convert nitrate to protein. when pathway is oversaturated, it stops at nitrite. this enter blood stream and oxidizes hemoglobin. methemoglobinemia and hypoxia
what does cacao toxic compound and what does that compound do
theobromine. CNS stimulation by inhibiting adenosine. tachycardia, vasoconstriction
polyuria, polydipsia in animal given steroids is considered toxic, nontoxic, or beneficial
nontoxic
what is the goal of a chelator
bind to the toxin, form a less toxic compound that can be excreted
what type of drug interaction is narcan
receptor antagonism. binds to the same receptor as drugs, btu has a stronger affinity. blocks the drugs from binding
what does a functional antagonistic do?
produces oppostie effects as the toxicant. example is plant toxins and propofol
what sort of antagonism does activated charcoal do?
dispositional antagonism. alters the absorption and distribution of the toxicant. increases fecal secretion
recommended drugs to use for inducing emesis in dogs
apomorphine (IV, IM) then clevor( opthalmic).
drugs for inducing emesis in cats
xylazine, then dexmetomidine
what toxicants should you not induce emesis?
corrosive batteries, toilet bowl cleaners, gasoline
when should you not use activated charcoal
for alcohols, ethanol, zylitol, heavy metals, nitrites, nitrates, and chlorates.
what is a cathartic?
draws water into the gut lumen. stimulates gut movement enhancing elimination
cathartic for large animals? for small animals?
LA: magnesium sulfate and sodium sulfate.
SA: sorbitol
type 1 pyrethrin causes_____ while type 2 causes_____
tremors,
CS syndrome. hypersalivation
which animals are most sensitive to pyrethroids
cats, fish, reptiles
what do organophosphates/carbamates do?
inhibit the breakdown of ACH. PNS is overwhelmed. so lots of rest and digest.
what is SLUDDE and what causes it?
organophospate/carbamate salivation, lacrimation, urination, dyspnea, defecation, emesis
what do you use to treat op/carbamate toxicity?
atropine sulfate
what drug treats SSRI posioning
acepromazine. block serotonin recpetors
