drugs exam 2

Question 1

bacteriostatic or bactericidal require an immunocompetent patient

Answer 1

bacteriostatic

Question 2

spectrum of activity tells you what?

Answer 2

if the bacteria can be affected by the antimicrobial

Question 3

penicillins are not active against Gram __

Answer 3

gram -

Question 4

penicillins are active against most ____cocci but not most _____cocci

Answer 4

streptococci but not staphylococci

Question 5

which antibacterial is active against most anaerobes

Answer 5

penicillin

Question 6

which antibacterial is active against staphylococci but not streptococci

Answer 6

aminoglycosides (opposite of penicillin)

Question 7

which antibacterial is the one active against G+ aerobes and anaerobes

Answer 7

macrolides

Question 8

which type of drug interaction is used to extend the spectrum

Answer 8

additive

Question 9

which drug interaction enhances activity

Answer 9

synergism

Question 10

when is it a hard no for the use of antibiotics?

Answer 10

viral infections, fungal infections, parasitic infections

Question 11

____ protein bound drugs have good distribution

Answer 11

low protein bound

Question 12

t/f most antiobiotics cross the BBB in limited [] so it is hard to treat the CSF

Answer 12

true. need lipid sol or active transport.

Question 13

lipophilic/hydrophilic drugs have better penetration into cells than the other drugs

Answer 13

lipophilic drugs have better cell penetration

Question 14

what to do if you cant reach the abscess to drain it

Answer 14

chose more lipophilic drugs for a longer period of time

Question 15

what are the two major groups of betalactams

Answer 15

penicillins and cephalosporins

Question 16

what are the two groups of penicillins?

Answer 16

benzylpenicillins and aminopenicillins

Question 17

what are the generations of cephalosporins of importance to us?

Answer 17

1st generation and 3rd generation. with an inc G- spectrum in the 3rd gen

Question 18

what are the three 3rd gen cephalosporins

Answer 18

ceftiofur (injectable), cefpodoxime proxetil (PO), cefovecin (SC)

Question 19

what are the two 1st gen cephalosporins?

Answer 19

cephalexin (PO) and cefazolin (IV)

Question 20

when do we reach for penicillin G (benzylpenicillin)

Answer 20

for streptococci and anaerobes.

Question 21

when do we reach for aminopenicillin?

Answer 21

streptococci and anaerobes.

Question 22

what are five key properties of betalactams

Answer 22

bactericidal, cell wall inhibitor, renal elimination, time dependent

Question 23

which aminopenicillin is PO?

Answer 23

amoxicillin (ampicillin is IV/IM)

Question 24

what are the three Penicillin G drugs

Answer 24

Potassium, procaine, and benzathine

Question 25

what is the only IV penicillin G

Answer 25

potassium, procaine and Benzathine are IM.

Question 26

there are three PO betalactams. what are they?

Answer 26

amoxicillin (aminop) cephalexin (1st gen), cefpodoxime prexetil (3rd gen)

Question 27

what is a 3rd gen cephalosporin used is small animal GP that you need to be aware of for misuse?

Answer 27

cefovecin. aka convenia. SQ doses for fractious cats only. use amoxicillin instead.

Question 28

what 1st gen cephalosporin do we give before sx for prophylaxis

Answer 28

cephalexin in dogs and cats.

Question 29

two of the 3rd gen cephalosporins have approved use in what animal? what are they for

Answer 29

Dogs. cefovecin (also cats) and cefpodoxime prexetil skin infections

Question 30

one 3rd gen cephalosporin is not for dogs. what is it and who is it for?

Answer 30

ceftiofur. for large animals. inject in base of cattle ear

Question 31

what is cephalexin used to treat?

Answer 31

1st gen used to treat non MRSA dermatitis (PO)

Question 32

which aminopenicillin has good oral absorption in small animals but not large?

Answer 32

amoxicillin

Question 33

t/f benzylpenicillins are inactivated by b lactamases

Answer 33

true. staphs can do this which is why they are often resistant