enzymology exam 3

Question 1

what causes panhypoprotenemia

Answer 1

hemorrhage, PLE, PLN

Question 2

what causes selective hypoalbuminemia

Answer 2

inflammation, liver failure, PLN (glomerulus cant retain protein)

Question 3

selective hypoglobulinemia

Answer 3

failure of passive transfer

Question 4

panhyperprotenemia

Answer 4

dehyration

Question 5

selective hyperglobulinemia

Answer 5

b cell lymphoma neoplasia. can be an insane increase

Question 6

what tube does bodily fluid go into

Answer 6

edta purple top

Question 7

microscopic evaluation show small lymphocytes. and inc triglycerides. what is fluid

Answer 7

chylous effusion

Question 8

neutrophils are seen in the fluid sample

Answer 8

sterile exudate

Question 9

infectious agents are seen with neutrophils in the fluid sample

Answer 9

septic exudate

Question 10

white bile is seen in the fluid smear. with increase in bilirubin

Answer 10

bilious effusion

Question 11

what are the two explanations for increased enzymatic activity

Answer 11

injury (leakage) or induction (form more)

Question 12

which enzymes are only large animal. what does it represent

Answer 12

SDH. sorbitol dehydrogenase. liver.

Question 13

what are the four enzymes found in large animals

Answer 13

CK, AST, SDH, and GGT

Question 14

what does an increase in AST mean

Answer 14

the patient, small or large, has a muscle or liver issue

Question 15

which two enzymes are enducable

Answer 15

GGT and ALP (SA only)

Question 16

What enzyme is a good marker for cholestasis (bilirubin increase)

Answer 16

GGT and ALP

Question 17

what are the three enzymes for small animal pancreas

Answer 17

AMS, LPS, PLI

Question 18

what drugs cause an increase in cALP

Answer 18

Gulcosteriods or phenobarbital

Question 19

increases seen with hepatic injury in large animals

Answer 19

AST and SDH

Question 20

causes of respiratory acidosis

Answer 20

upper airway obstruction, respiratory paralysis, pleural cavity disease. cant get rid of CO2

Question 21

decrease in TCO2 with normal anion gap.

Answer 21

metabolic acidosis loss. possible diarrhea losing bicarb

Question 22

increase in TCO2 and no change in anion gap.

Answer 22

metabolic acidosis, due to vomiting

Question 23

signs of peridoxical aciduremia

Answer 23

urine is acidic but TCO2 is high. low potassium and low chloride

Question 24

anion gap is low

Answer 24

hypoalbuminemia. PLE PLN Hemorrhage

Question 25

pathogenesis of paradoxical aciduria

Answer 25

hypovolemia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia

Question 26

during metabolic alkalosis (inc TCO2) what should potassium do

Answer 26

hypokalemia. need all the H’s we can get outside of the cells because the env is so basic. so the K move in to take the H place

Question 27

ammonia biurate crystals in urine is seen normally in what dog breeds

Answer 27

dalmations and bulldogs. usually sign of liver failure.

Question 28

which three crystals are pathogenic

Answer 28

calcium oxalate monohydrate, bilirubin, ammonia biurate

Question 29

when the protein:CR ratio is between 0.5-3.0 what disease is associated and what protein

Answer 29

tubular disease and it is globulins

Question 30

the main difference between renal insufficiency and renal failure.

Answer 30

insufficiency will have no azotemia but failure will have azotemia

Question 31

what is the most sensitive marker for assessing glomerular filtration rates

Answer 31

SDMA. can be increased when 25% function is lost.