Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Emergency Med > Toxicology > Flashcards

Toxicology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

What’s in a coma cocktail?

A

O2, narcan, D50 and thiamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Preferred gastic decontamination method if presenting in ED after one hr? Won’t be effective for lithium, iron, ETOH, potassium

A

activated charcoal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

First line treatment of seizures that is longer acting.

A

diazepam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When is induced emesis with ipicac most useful as treatment for overdose?

A

within first few minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the antidote for acetaminophen?

A

Acetylcysteine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the antidote for anticholinergics?

A

Physostigmine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the antidote for benzos?

A

Flumazenil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the antidote for cyanide?

A

Na nitrite and Na thiosulfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Given with contrast dye to prevent allergic rxn?

A

mucomyst (acetylcystine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the antidote for methanol/polyethylene gylcol?

A

ethanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the antidote for narcotics?

A

narcan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Presentation includes this saying: Blind as a bat (dilated pupils), Red as a beet (vasodilation), Hot as a hare (hyperthermia), Dry as a bone (dry skin), Mad as a hatter (hallucinations/agitation). The bowel and bladder lose their tone (ileus, urinary retention).And the heart runs alone (tachycardia)

A

anticholinergic overdose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most common cause of change in Osm

A

ETOH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Saturates the glutathione detoxification system. Accumulates in liver and causes delayed hepatotoxicity
24-72 hours post ingestion

A

acetaminophen overdose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the toxic overdose of acetaminophin?

A

> 140 mg/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How long should you give acetylcysteine therapy in a tyelonol overdose?

A

140mg/kg orally of a 10%-20% solution. Follow-up with a 70mg/kg dose every 4 hours for 18 doses
or until the Tylenol level is O (zero)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Biggest concern with cocaine and amphetamine overdoses

A

vasospasm (MI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Can be used to treat DBP > 120 in cocaine/amphetamine overdose

A

nitroprusside

19
Q

Why should you not acidify urine with cocaine/amphetamine overdose?

A

can result in myogloburia and acute renal failure

20
Q

Should never be used with tricyclic overdose, asthma, or

mechanical bowel or bladder obstruction

A

physostigmine

21
Q

Name the vitamin K dependent clotting factors

A

II, VII, IX, X

22
Q

When are peak effects of coumadin seen?

A

after 1-2 days

23
Q

Crampy abdominal pain, vomiting, profuse watery diarrhea, burning mucosa, conjunctivitis, tremor and seizures. A garlic odor may be on patient?s breath. Periorbital edema after 1-2 days

A

acute arsenic ingestion

24
Q

Treatment of acute arsenic poisoning

A

GI decontamination with GI lavage

and charcoal; Administer dimercaperaol(BAL) 3-5mg/kgdose q4h for 5 days

25
Q

Treatment of chronic exposure to arsenic poisoning

A

penicillamine 100mg/kg/d (max 1

Gm) orally divided qid (May not reverse neurological damage)

26
Q

What is treatment of CO poisoning?

A

100% FiO2 for 4 hours

27
Q

Acute ingestion of an overdose is often associated with
HYPERkalemia. ECG shows toxic effects of 3rd degree AV block, bradycardia, ventricular ectopy, or paroxysmal atrial
tachycardia with AV block

A

digitalis toxicity

28
Q

Used to treat hyperkalemia associated with digitalis toxicity if > 7 with care to avoid CaCl which would kill the patient. Although generally you won’t need to treat because it will decrease with reversal

A

use the glucose + insulin therapy

29
Q

Used to treat ventricular ectopy from digitalis toxicity

A

lidocaine

30
Q

What is the antidote for a digoxin overdose?

A

Digibind (digitalis specific Fab fragment antibodies)

31
Q

Severe gastroenteritis followed by delayed hepatic and
renal failure in 48-72 hours. Onset of symptoms is 6-24 hours post ingestion. Treatment is supportive only and hospitalize all with baseline renal and hepatic functions

A

Amatoxin (Amanita Genus) mushrooms

32
Q

Symptoms are: salivation, miosis, bradycardia, diarrhea. Onset of symptoms is 30 min-1 hour post ingestion. Treatment is supportive and Atropine for severe
cholinergic symptoms

A

Muscarine (Inocybe or Clitocybe) mushrooms

33
Q

Symptoms are hallucinations (used by several NA tribes). Onset is 15-30 minutes post ingestion. MOST COMMONLY seen mushroom poisoning
(intentional). Treatment is supportive

A

Psilocybin (Psilocybe genus) mushrooms

34
Q

Symptoms are anticholinergic: mydriasis, tachycardia,
hyperpyrexia, delerium. Onset is 30 min to 2 hours post ingestion. Treatment is supportive and physostigmine for severe sx

A

Ibotenic acid and muscimol (Amanita muscaria) mushrooms

35
Q

Symptoms are severe gastroenteritis with occasional
hemolysis, hepatic and renal failure. Onset of symptoms is 6-12 hours post ingestion. Treatment is supportive and IV pyridoxine may prevent the hepatic/renal failure

A

Monomethylhydrazine (Gyromitra) mushrooms

36
Q

should be considered in any patient who is unconscious from unknown cause

A

opiate overdose

37
Q

How do you differentiate clonidine overdose from opiate overdose?

A

Clonidine overdose may appear identical to opiate

overdoes, but they do NOT respond to naloxone

38
Q

Symptoms include miosis, excessive salivation,
bronchospasms, hyperactive bowel sounds, lethargy, muscle fasiculations, and seizures (DUMBELS). Death is from respiratory distress

A

organophosphate overdose

39
Q

What is the treatment of organophosphate overdose besides aggressive airway management?

A

Atropine IV in LARGE doses and Pralidoxime (2-PAM Chloride)

40
Q

Symptoms range from severe, paranoid, bizarre
violent behavior to quiet stupor. Treatment aimed at limiting seizures and violence using diazepam or haloperidol. Monitor and prevent rhabdomyolysis

A

PCP overdose

41
Q

What are the three C’s of TCA overdose?

A

Cardiac abnormalities, convulsions and coma

42
Q

What are the treatment options of ventricular arrhythmias and conduction defects from TCA overdose?

A

NaHCO3 (50-100 mEq IV), Lidocaine 1-2mg/kg, or Phenytoin 15-18mg/kg may be effective

43
Q

What are treatment options of hypotension due to TCA overdose?

A

NaHCO3 (50-100 mEq IV) and crystalloid (0.9% NaCl)

Emergency Med (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions