Shock and Vascular Access Flashcards
The most common type results from a loss of circulating blood volume from clinical etiologies, such as penetrating and blunt trauma, GI bleeding and obstetrical bleedings
hypovolemic shock
Most common cause of hypovolemic shock in children
vomiting and diarrhea
Loss of < 20% of circulating volume. Very minimal tachycardia may be present. Patient feels cold, postural hypotension, pale/moist skin
class I hemorrhage (mild shock)
Loss of 20-40% of circulating volume (800-1500mL blood). Tachycardia, tachypnea, decrease in pulse. Supine hypotension. Arterial pH shows metabolic acidosis.
class II hemorrhage (moderate shock)
Loss of 30-40% of circulating volume (>2000mL blood). marked tachycardia & tachypnea. Mental status changes. Will need blood transfusion
class III hemorrhage
Loss of > 40% of circulating volume. Marked tachycardia, reduction in BP, narrow pulse pressure, negligible urine output, mental status depressed
class IV hemorrhage (severe shock)
How much blood loss results in LOC, loss of BP and pulse, and DEATH?
loss of >50%
At what point in management of shock can you place a foley catheter in male patients?
after rectal exam in males with trauma
Decreased cardiac output and evidence of tissue hypoxia. Leading cause of death in the MI patient
cardiogenic shock
Clinical signs present for cardiogenic shock
hypotension, absenceof hypovolemia, signs of poor tissue perfusion
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome secondary to a documented infection
septic shock
What do most patients with sepsis often have and warrants a CXR?
pneumonia
Should be done if clinical evidence or suspicion for meningitis or encephalitis exists
lumbar puncture
Occurs after blunt trauma to spinal cord. Failure of vasomotor regulation and pooling of blood in dilated capacitance vessels
neurogenic shock
Clinical features of neurogenic shock
warm, dry skin and neurologic dsyfunction
