Toxicology

Question 1

What are the organs targeted by Carbon monoxide? 2

What are the effects? 3

Answer 1

Brain & heart (highest demand for oxygen)

Congestion, edema and hemorrhage

Question 2

What is the organ most affected by NOx, ozone? How?

Answer 2

Lungs

Forms ROS, disrupts lipid membranes, esp. alveoli

Question 3

What is the effect of Sulfur dioxide?

Answer 3

Initially Upper airways
Then Lower airways
Mostly cardiopulmonary

Question 4

What are the effects of Arsenic in 5 important organs?

Where does it accumulate in short and long term?

Answer 4

• Cardiovasc: vasodilation, hypotension, arrhythmias, CHF
• GI tract
• Kidneys
• Nervous system
• Skin

Short term accum: major organs
Long term accum: integument due to affinity to keratin, bone and teeth

Question 5

What are the 2 organs affected by Cadmium? What is its effect?

Answer 5

• Kidneys: affecting Vit D conversion, leads to serious bone loss (osteoporosis and osteomalacia)
• Liver

Question 6

Lead

Answer 6

• Storage in bones
• Crosses BBB, affects IQ and behavior

Acute exposure: encephalopathy, nephropathy, GI effects

Chronic exposure: repro, HTN, gout, anemia, CNS, neuropathy

Question 7

Mercury

Answer 7

• Cardiovasc
• Kidney
• CNS (including prenatal exposure), sensory loss, ataxia, disequilibrium

Question 8

Cyclodienes (halogenated insecticides)

Answer 8

• CNS stimulant by inhibiting GABA, causes convulsions and jerking
• GI

Question 9

PCBs: halogenated industrial stuff

Answer 9

• Immunosuppression
• Chloracne
• Respiratory
• Liver enzymes
• GI

Question 10

Brominated flame retardants: PBDEs

Answer 10

Tons of effects in rodents, but not sure how it impacts human health…yet. Possibly carcinogenic

Question 11

Chromium

Answer 11

Stainless steel

Hexavalent form is ok, but metabolized to trivalent. Trivalent form generates ROS, damages DNA, carcinogenic