Toxicology Flashcards
Calcium channel blockers
Amlodipine
Diltiazem
Verapamil
Felodipine
Nicardipine
Nifedipine
Beta Blockers
Bisoprolol
Atenalol
Propanalol
Metoprolol
Carvedilol
SSRI (Selective seretonin re-uptake inhibitors)
citalopram
dapoxetine
escitalopram
fluoxetine
fluvoxamine
paroxetine
sertraline
vortioxetine
Antidote for Beta Blocker overdose
Glucagon
Antidote for Benzodiazepine OD
Flumazenil
Antidotes for calcium channel blocker overdose
Calcium chloride
Calcium gluconate
Glucagon (if severe hypotension)
Carbon monoxide poisoning treatment
Oxygen
Cocaine OD treatment
Benzodiazepines
Diazepam
Lorazepam
Cyanide poisoning antidote
Hydroxycobalamin
Sodium thiosulphate
Opioid OD antidote
Naloxone
Organophosphate poisoning antidote
Atropine
Pralidoxime
DOAC
Direct oral anticoagulants
Dibigatran
Apixaban
Rivaroxaban
Edoxaban
Digoxin effect on ECG
Downsloping ST depression with a characteristic “reverse tick” or “Salvador Dali sagging” appearance
Flattened, inverted, or biphasic T waves
Shortened QT interval
5 main toxidromes
Symathomimmetic
Cholinergic
Anti-Cholinergic
Sedative/Hypnotic
Opioid
Symathomimmetic presentation
HR - Increased
BP - Increased
RR - Normal to high
Temp - Normal to high
Eyes - Dilated
Skin - Normal, maybe diaphoretic
Secretions - Normal
Symathomimmetic toxidrome causes
- amphetamines
- cocaine
- theophylline
- LSD
- MDMA (Ecstacy)
- other novel recreational drugs (e.g. Meow-Meow)
- hypermetabolic syndromes (MH, NMS)
Symathomimmetic toxidrome treatment
Supportive care
Benzodiazepines
Anti-adrenergics
Opioid toxidrome presentation
Sedation
Miosis
Respiratory depression
Opioid toxidrome causes
Opioid overdose
Opioid toxidrome treatment
Naloxone
Respiratory support
Cholinergic toxidrome presentation
HR - Slow
BP - Normal to low
RR - Low
Temp - Normal - low
Eyes - Miosis (pinpoint)
Skin - Profusely diaphoretic
Secretions - Copious
S - Salivation
L - Lacrimation
U - Urination
D - Defecation
G - GI dismotility
E - Emesis
Cholinergic toxidrome causes
Pesticides
Nerve agents
Cholinergic toxidrome treatment
Remove the exposure if possible - DECON
Atropine
Pralidoxime
Anti-Cholinergic toxidrome presentation
HR - Fast
BP - High
RR - Fast
Temp - Normal - high
Eyes - Dilated
Skin - Dry
Secretions - Dry
Mad as a hatter
Blind as a bat
Red as a beet
Hot as a hare
Dry as a bone
