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DipIMC > Toxicology > Flashcards

Toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

Calcium channel blockers

A

Amlodipine
Diltiazem
Verapamil
Felodipine
Nicardipine
Nifedipine

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2
Q

Beta Blockers

A

Bisoprolol
Atenalol
Propanalol
Metoprolol
Carvedilol

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3
Q

SSRI (Selective seretonin re-uptake inhibitors)

A

citalopram
dapoxetine
escitalopram
fluoxetine
fluvoxamine
paroxetine
sertraline
vortioxetine

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4
Q

Antidote for Beta Blocker overdose

A

Glucagon

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5
Q

Antidote for Benzodiazepine OD

A

Flumazenil

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6
Q

Antidotes for calcium channel blocker overdose

A

Calcium chloride
Calcium gluconate
Glucagon (if severe hypotension)

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7
Q

Carbon monoxide poisoning treatment

A

Oxygen

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8
Q

Cocaine OD treatment

A

Benzodiazepines
Diazepam
Lorazepam

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9
Q

Cyanide poisoning antidote

A

Hydroxycobalamin
Sodium thiosulphate

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10
Q

Opioid OD antidote

A

Naloxone

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11
Q

Organophosphate poisoning antidote

A

Atropine
Pralidoxime

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12
Q

DOAC

A

Direct oral anticoagulants

Dibigatran
Apixaban
Rivaroxaban
Edoxaban

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13
Q

Digoxin effect on ECG

A

Downsloping ST depression with a characteristic “reverse tick” or “Salvador Dali sagging” appearance

Flattened, inverted, or biphasic T waves

Shortened QT interval

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14
Q

5 main toxidromes

A

Symathomimmetic
Cholinergic
Anti-Cholinergic
Sedative/Hypnotic
Opioid

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15
Q

Symathomimmetic presentation

A

HR - Increased
BP - Increased
RR - Normal to high
Temp - Normal to high
Eyes - Dilated
Skin - Normal, maybe diaphoretic
Secretions - Normal

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16
Q

Symathomimmetic toxidrome causes

A
  • amphetamines
  • cocaine
  • theophylline
  • LSD
  • MDMA (Ecstacy)
  • other novel recreational drugs (e.g. Meow-Meow)
  • hypermetabolic syndromes (MH, NMS)
17
Q

Symathomimmetic toxidrome treatment

A

Supportive care
Benzodiazepines
Anti-adrenergics

18
Q

Opioid toxidrome presentation

A

Sedation
Miosis
Respiratory depression

19
Q

Opioid toxidrome causes

A

Opioid overdose

20
Q

Opioid toxidrome treatment

A

Naloxone
Respiratory support

21
Q

Cholinergic toxidrome presentation

A

HR - Slow
BP - Normal to low
RR - Low
Temp - Normal - low
Eyes - Miosis (pinpoint)
Skin - Profusely diaphoretic
Secretions - Copious

S - Salivation
L - Lacrimation
U - Urination
D - Defecation
G - GI dismotility
E - Emesis

22
Q

Cholinergic toxidrome causes

A

Pesticides
Nerve agents

23
Q

Cholinergic toxidrome treatment

A

Remove the exposure if possible - DECON

Atropine
Pralidoxime

24
Q

Anti-Cholinergic toxidrome presentation

A

HR - Fast
BP - High
RR - Fast
Temp - Normal - high
Eyes - Dilated
Skin - Dry
Secretions - Dry

Mad as a hatter
Blind as a bat
Red as a beet
Hot as a hare
Dry as a bone

25
Q

Anti-Cholinergic toxidrome causes

A

Antihistamines
Antiemetics
Anti-psychotics
Muscle relaxants
Tricyclic antidepressants

26
Q

Anti-Cholinergic toxidrome treatment

A

Sedation
Supportive care
Antidote if available for specific drug injestion

27
Q

Sedative/Hypnotic toxidrome presentation

A

Sedation!
Loss of airway protection
Respiratory depression

28
Q

Sedative/Hypnotic toxidrome causes

A

benzodiazepines
barbiturates
GHB

29
Q

Sedative/Hypnotic toxidrome treatment

A

Supportive care

30
Q

Seretonin syndrome presentation

A

1) Autonomic hyperactivity
- Hypertension
- Tachycardia
- Hyperthermia
- Dilated pupils
- Diaphoresis

2) Neuromuscular abnormality
- Tremor.
- Clonus.
- Nystagmus
- Hypertonicity

3) Mental status changes
- Anxiety.
- Agitation.
- Confusion.
- Coma.

31
Q

Seretonin syndrome causes

A

monoamine-oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Sympathomimmetic drugs (cocaine, MDMA, amfetamine, LSD)

32
Q

SLUDGE

A

Cholinergic toxidrome

S - Salivation
L - Lacrimation
U - Urination
D - Defecation
G - GI dismotility
E - Emesis

33
Q

Barbituates

A

Anxiolytics / sleeping pills / anti-epileptics

34
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitters

A

Acetylcholine,
Nor-adrenaline
Glutamate

35
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

GABA
Seretonin

DipIMC (27 decks)

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