Primary Survey - Breathing

Question 1

O2 mask Flow rates and FiO2

Answer 1

Nasal - 1-4 L/min, FiO2 increases 4% for each L/min

Simple face mask - 5-8 L/min,
5-6 L/min = 40% FiO2
6-7 L/min = 50% FiO2
7-8 L/min = 60% FiO2

Non rebreather - 8-15 L/min
15 L/min = 80% FiO2

Question 2

Life threatening traumatic chest injuries

Answer 2

Tension pneumothorax
Open pneumothorax
Massive haemothorax
Flail chest
Other injures - Cardiac tamponade, aortic injury, pulmonary contusion, myocardial contusion

Question 3

Signs & Symptoms of Hypoxaemia

Answer 3

Dyspnoea
Restlessness
Agitation
Confusion
Visual hallucinations
Central cyanosis
Arrhythmias
Aggression
Coma

Question 4

Signs & Symptoms of Hypercarbia

Answer 4

Headache
Peripheral vasodilatation
Tachycardia
Bounding pulse
Tremor or flap
Papilloedema
Confusion
Drowsiness
Coma