Primary Survey - Airway Flashcards
Predicting a difficult airway
H - History of previous airway difficulties
A - Anatomical abnormalities of the face
V - Visual clues (obesity, facial hair etc)
N - Neck immobility
O - Opening of the mouth (<3 fingers)
T - Trauma
Predicting difficult mask ventilation
M - Mask seal issues
O - Obesity, obstructed airway
A - Age >55 years
N - No teeth
S - Stiff lungs
Predicting difficult SGA insertion and ventilation
R - Restricted mouth opening (<3 fingers)
O - Obstruction at the larynx or below
D - Distorted airway
S - Stiff cervical spine / Stiff lungs
Predicting difficult cricothyroidotomy
S - Surgery/Scars/Short neck
H - Haematoma
O - Obesity/Oedema
R - Radiotherapy
T - Trauma/Tumor
OPA sizes
000 - neonate
00 - infant
0 - small child
1 - child
2 - small adult
3 - medium adult
4 - large adult
PHEA Drugs - Ketamine
Drug type:
NMDA receptor antagonist
Indication: induction & maintenance of anaesthesia
Dose:
Induction 1-2mg/kg
Maintenance 0.5-2.5 mg/kg/hr
Advantages:
Haemodynamically stable
Bronchodilation
Ventilation and airway reflexes maintained
Disadvantages:
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Increased salivation
Emergence
PHEA drugs - Propofol
Indication: induction & maintenance of anesthesia
Dose:
induction - 0.5-2mg/kg
Maintenance - 1-5 mg/kg/hr
Advantages:
Rapid and clear loss of awareness
Reduces ICP
Anticonvulsant
Disadvantages:
Can cause catastrophic haemodynamic collapse in the unstable patient
Cormack-Lehane grade 1
Full view of the glottis
Cormack-Lehane grade 2a
Partial view of the glottis
Cormack-Lehane grade 2b
Arytenoids or posterior part of the vocal cords only just visible
Cormack-Lehane grade 3
Only epiglottis visible
Cormack-Lehane grade 4
Neither glottis, not epiglottis visible
Measurement of an OPA
Patients incisors to angle of the jaw
