Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cat & Dog > Toxicology (1-2) > Flashcards

Toxicology (1-2) Flashcards

1
Q

name the 3 stages of decontamination

A
  1. decrease toxin absorption
  2. enhance toxin elimination
  3. general supportive care
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

name 4 locations where toxins are absorbed

A
  1. intestine
  2. eyes
  3. stomach
  4. skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how to prevent absorption of toxins in the intestines?

A

charcoal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how to prevent absorption of toxins in the stomach?

A

emesis; lavage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how to prevent absorption of toxins in the eyes?

A

flush

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how to prevent absorption of toxins in the skin?

A

wash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

name the emetic

stimulates dopamine receptors in chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ);
non-selective dopamine receptor agonist;
0.02-0.04 mg/kg IV;
adverse effects: sedation, protracted vomiting

A

apomorphine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

name the emetic

local gastric irritant;
1-2 mL/kg;
adverse effects: protracted vomiting, severe oesophagitis; gastric ulceration;
USA;
not recommended

A

3% hydrogen peroxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

name the emetic

stimulates dopamine receptors in chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ);
selective for dopamine D2-type receptors;
30 mg/mL ophthalmic solution;
adverse effects: mild ocular irritation, ocular discharge, protrusion of 3rd eyelid and blepharospasm

A

ropinirole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what receptors are rich in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) of the dog

A

dopamine receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what receptors are rich in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) of the cat

A

alpha2 receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the route of admin for emetics in cats

A

IM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

name 2 emetics for cats

A
  1. Dexmedetomidine
  2. Xylazine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

name 7 contraindications for emesis

A
  1. inability to protect airway
  2. neurological signs
  3. sedation
  4. respiratory distress
  5. bradycardia
  6. already vomiting
  7. with corrosive/caustic toxicants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

this is the administration and evacuation of fluid through an orogastric tube;
best within 1-2h of toxin ingestion

A

gastric lavage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

name 5 indications for gastric lavage following toxin ingestion

A
  1. failure of emesis
  2. altered level of consciousness
  3. admin. of charcoal
  4. toxicants remaining in stomach
  5. narrow safety margin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where should you premeasure an orograstric tube to for gastric lavage

A

to last rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the dose for activated charcoal following toxin ingestion

A

1-3 g/kg PO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

name 3 advere effects of activated charcoal

A
  1. vomiting
  2. dehydration
  3. hypernatraemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

name 6 substances that are NOT adsorbed by activated charcoal

A
  1. heavy metals
  2. xylitol
  3. alcohols
  4. petroleum distillates
  5. nitrates
  6. acids/alkalis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how often can activated charcoal be repeated?

A

every 4-8h

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

name the drug type

decrease gastrointestinal tract transit time (decr. time for toxin absorption);
ex: sorbitol, sodium sulfate, magnesium citrate, etc;
side effects: v+, dehydration, hypernatraemia, abd. pain, hypotension;
only dose ONCE

A

cathartics

23
Q

what is the dose for intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) to treat toxin ingestion?

A

bolus 1.5 mL/kg over 1 min;
CRI 0.25 mL/kg/min for 30-60 min

24
Q

what is the maximum intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) you an give in a day

A

12 mL/kg

25
Q

name 3 clinical effects of chocolate in dogs/cats

A
  1. vomiting
  2. tachycardia & cardiac arrhythmias
  3. hyperexcitability, seizures
26
Q

what is a long term risk of chocolate in dogs/cats

A

pancreatitis

27
Q

what component of chocolate makes it toxic to dogs/cats

A

theobromine

28
Q

what clinical effect do lilies have on cats?

A

acute kidney injury & failure

29
Q

what clinical effect do grapes have on dogs/cats

A

acute kidney injury → failure (48-72h)

30
Q

what clinical effect will >0.1 g/kg of xylitol cause in a dog/cat

A

hypoglycaemia

31
Q

what clinical effect will >1 g/kg of xylitol cause in a dog/cat

A

hepatotoxicity

32
Q

what clinical effect will onion/garlic/leek/chive toxicity cause in dogs/cats?

A

haemolysis

33
Q

name 3 clinical effects of NSAIDs toxicity in dogs/cats?

A
  1. GI ulceration
  2. kidney injury
  3. neurological signs
34
Q

what is the toxic dose of ehylene glycol in dogs

A

6.6 mL/kg dogs

35
Q

what is the toxic dose of ethylene glycol in cats?

A

1.5 mL/kg

36
Q

name the 3 phases of ethylene glycol toxicity

A
  1. gastrointestinal & neurological
  2. apparent resolution (dogs; cats remain depressed)
  3. renal failure
37
Q

when do ethylene glycol levels peak?

A

1-6 h after ingestion

38
Q

how long after ethylene glycol ingestion will levels no longer be detectable?

A

48-72 h

39
Q

name 2 antidotes for ethylene glycol toxicity

A
  1. ethanol
  2. Fomepizole (4MP)
40
Q

name the ethylene glycol toxicity treatment option

performed prior to onset of AKI;
can remove majority of EG;
limited availability;
cost

A

haemodialysis

41
Q

what is the toxic dose of paracetamol in dogs?

A

75-100 mg/kg

42
Q

what is the toxic dose of paracetamol in cats?

A

10 mg/kg

43
Q

what is the main pathway of paracetamol metabolism in cats

A

sulfation

44
Q

what is the main pathway of paracetamol metabolism in dogs

A

glucuronidation

45
Q

what is teh toxic component of paracetamol that is made through metabolism with cytochrom P450

A

NAPQI

46
Q

what binds with NAPQI to form a non-toxic metabolite

A

glutathione

47
Q

name 2 consequences of NAPQI (toxic paracetamol metabolite)

A
  1. oxidative injury
  2. necrosis & hepatotoxicity
48
Q

what is the antidote for paracetamol toxicity?

A

N-acetylcysteine

49
Q

what is the clinical effect of anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity?

A

depletion of vit K dependent clotting factors → bleeding into body cavities

50
Q

name the 4 vitamin K dependent clotting factors

A
  1. II
  2. VII
  3. IX
  4. X
51
Q

what is the treatment for acute ingestion & no previous exposure of anticoagulant rodenticides

A

GI decontamination (emesis & activated charcoal)

52
Q

name the enzyme

constitutive enzyme, responsible for prostaglandin production for many normal physiological functions (e.g. kidney and gastric blood flow)

A

COX-1

53
Q

name the enzyme

inducible enzyme, synthesized in response to inflammation;
NSAIDs loose selectivitiy at high doses

A

COX-2

54
Q

name 7 clinical effects of permethrin intoxication in cats

A
  1. ptyalism
  2. tremors
  3. hyperexcitability
  4. depression
  5. vomiting, diarrhea
  6. seizures
  7. coma

Cat & Dog (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions