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Cat & Dog > Animal Behaviour (1-6) > Flashcards

Animal Behaviour (1-6) Flashcards

1
Q

this is a behaviour that is problematic for an owner/carer;
* can be a normal but unwanted/undesireable behaviour
* problem arising as a result of genetics, early environment, learning history, etc
* underlying pathological process

A

problem behaviour

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2
Q

name 5 common behaviour problems in dogs

A
  1. aggression towards people/other dogs
  2. noise sensitivities
  3. separation-related problems
  4. repetitive behaviours/compulsive disorders
  5. old age-related problems
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3
Q

name 4 common behaviour problems in cats

A
  1. aggression towards people/other cats
  2. overgrooming
  3. house soiling problems
  4. old age related problems
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4
Q

name 4 predisposing factors making temperament problems more likely

A
  1. genetics
  2. early environment (incl. socialisation)
  3. breed specific behaviours
  4. species ethology
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5
Q

name 3 ways to prevent problem behaviours developing in dogs/cats

A
  1. breed from animals with good temperaments
  2. provide appropriate rearing environments and early experiences
  3. appropriate habituation and socialisation
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6
Q

how long will a typical behaviour consultation, plus follow-up over a 3 month period take?

A

8-12 h

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7
Q

what 3 things should you aim to achieve in a 15 minute behaviour consult in general practice

A
  1. rule out obvious medical problems/concerns
  2. first aid behaviour advice
  3. referral for further assessment
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8
Q

name the legal act for animal behaviour responsibility

civil liability, duty of care to prevent harm to other people by the animal

A

animals act 1971

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9
Q

name the legal act for animal behaviour responsibility

where a dog is under your care and inures someone or puts someone in fear of being injured, an offence may have been committed

A

Dangerous Dogs Act 1991

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10
Q

name the legal act for animal behaviour responsibility

it is an offence for any dog owner to allow their dog to be out of control in such a way as to cause alarm or make another person apprehensive

A

The control of dogs act 2010

(Scotland)

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11
Q

what does the ABC of establishing what has occurred in a behavioural incident stance for?

A

Antecedent
Behaviour
Consequence

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12
Q

name 2 instances where euthanasia will be considered as a “treatment” to behavioural issues

A
  1. continued risk to welfare of patient
  2. safety cannot be ensured
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13
Q

name the term

this is the inability to cope with allostatic load;
can manifest as behaviour problems and can lead to medical problems if chronic

A

distress

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14
Q

what system is responsible for the processing of stressful events in the brain

A

limbic system

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15
Q

name the part of the limbic system

rational moderation of response;
can be disrupted by stress

A

pre-frontal cortex

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16
Q

name the part of the limbic system

regulates emotions and triggers fight or flight response via hypothalamus

A

amygdala

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17
Q

name the part of the limbic system

involved in fear conditioning and memory

A

hippocampus

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18
Q

adaptive, quick intense arousal in response to threat;
emotional and physiological response;
incr. HR, incr. RR, mydriasis, etc

A

fear

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19
Q

name the 4 responses to fear

A
  1. fight (repulsion)
  2. flight (avoidance)
  3. freeze (inhibition)
  4. fiddle (displacement/appeasement)
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20
Q

state of anticipation of threat;
physiological/stress response more insidious;
can be detrimental to health;
decr. QOL, decr. owner bond

A

anxiety

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21
Q

name the 3 types of non-associative learning
(learning theory)

A
  1. habituation
  2. desensitisation
  3. sensitisation
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22
Q

name the 2 types of associative learning
(learning theory)

A
  1. classical conditioning
  2. operant conditioning
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23
Q

name the 5 treatment categories of the 5 M’s approach to behavioural treatment

A
  1. Medical investigation
  2. Management
  3. Behaviour Modification
  4. Medication
  5. Monitoring
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24
Q

name the behaviour modification method

this is a commonly used behavioural modification technique for the alleviation of behavioural problems in animals caused by inappropriate arousal;
animal is exposed in a controlled situation to low levels of the arousing stimulus according to an increasing gradient

A

Systematic Desensitisation

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25
Q

name the behaviour modification method

respondent behaviour to a stimulus is replaced with an opposite automatic response;
can be the cause of problems and solution

A

classical (respondent) counterconditioning

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26
Q

name the behaviour modification method

train an alternate, incompatible behaviour (i.e. one which is counter to the one you wish to eliminate)

A

operant (instrumental) counterconditioning

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27
Q

name the 5 licensed medications available for treating canine behaviour problems in the UK

A
  1. Cloimpramine (Clomicalm)
  2. Selegiline (Selgian)
  3. Fluoxetine (Reconcile)
  4. Imepotoin (Pexion)
  5. Dexmedetomidine (Sileo)
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28
Q

name the UK licensed drug for treating canine behaviour problems

oromucosal gel licensed for the ‘alleviation of acute anxiety and fear associated with noise in the dog’;
admin ahead of predicted noise exposure OR as soon as signs of fear are shown;
onset of action: 30 min

A

Dexmedetomidine (Sileo)

29
Q

what is the reversal agent for alpha-2-adrenoreceptor agonists

A

atipamezole

30
Q

what type of drug is Dexmedetomidine (Sileo)?
at lower doses: anxiolysis/reduction in arousal;
at higher doses: sedation, potential analgesia

A

alpha-2-adrenoreceptor agonists

31
Q

name the UK licensed drug for treating canine behaviour problems

licensed for many years for treatment of idiopathic epilepsy in dogs;
“for reducing fear/anxiety associated with noise in dogs” give twice a day starting 2 days before noise event;
can also be used in medium to long term treatment for social and non-social fears/anxieties

A

Imepitoin (Pexion)

32
Q

what type of drug is Imepitoin (Pexion)?
binding site on inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA to increase it;
can act as anxiolytics, anticonvulsants, muscle relaxants;
partial agonist

A

benzodiazepine

33
Q

name 2 potential side effects of benzodiazepines

A
  1. increased appetite
  2. paradoxical excitement
34
Q

name the drug for treating canine behaviour problems

new alpha-2A adrenoreceptor agonist similar to Sileo (dexmedetomidine);
licensed for short-term alleviation of situational anxiety and fear in dogs triggered by noise or owner departure;
admin 60 min before needed;
oral solution;
effect may last 3h+

A

Tasipimidine (Tessie)

35
Q

name the UK licensed drug for treating canine behaviour problems

licensed for treatment of separation anxiety in the dog;
classified as a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA);
increases serotonin (primarily) and noradrenaline;
onset of action typically 3-4 weeks;
potential side effects (GI, urinary retention, ileus, etc)

A

Clomipramine (Clomicalm)

36
Q

name the UK licensed drug for treating canine behaviour problems

monoamine oxidase inhibitor, enhances catecholamine transmission;
increases dopamine, noradrenaline (to a lesser extent serotonin, adrenaline);
licensed in dogs for treatment of behavioural problems of ‘emotional origin’ & canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome

A

Selegiline (Selgian)

37
Q

name the UK licensed drug for treating canine behaviour problems

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor;
licensed for treatment of separation anxiety in dogs;
onset of action 4-6 weeks

A

Fluoxetine (Reconcile)

38
Q

name the type of drug

increase the availability of serotonin by blocking reuptake;
will generally increase noradrenaline to a lesser extent than clomipramine (and selegiline) so very useful

A

selective seretonin reuptake inhibitor

39
Q

name the UK licensed drug for treating cat behaviour problems

gabapentinoid that inhibits cellular calcium channels;
licensed for alleviation of acute anxiety and fear associated with transportation and veterinary visits;
admin 90min before scheduled event

A

Pregabalin (Bonqat)

40
Q

series of enzymes which are involved in metabolism of medications;
inducers increase enzyme activity and reduce amount/duration of action of medication

A

cytochrome P-450 system

41
Q

this is a range of signs which can be caused by elevated seretonin;
can occur with overdose of one serotonergic agent or a combination of serotonergic agents

A

seretonin syndrome

42
Q

how long of a washout period is recommended when switching from an SSRI (fluoxetine) to MAO-I to avoid serotonin syndrome

A

5-6 weeks

43
Q

how long of a washout period is recommended when switching from an MAO-I to SSRI or TCA to avoid serotonin syndrome

A

2 weeks

44
Q

how long of a washout period is recommended when switching from TCA to MAO-I to avoid serotonin syndrome

A

2-3 weeks

45
Q

chemical signals which are normally used in intraspecific communication, which are typically detected through the VNO and which appear to have an intrinsic effect on the emotional processing of the reciever

A

pheromones

46
Q

name the feline facial pheromone

involved in sexual displays

A

F2

47
Q

name the feline facial pheromone

deposited during facial rubbing of territory;
organisation and classification of environment;
spatial orientation;
emotional stabilisation;
antagonistic for scratching and urine marking

A

F3

48
Q

name the feline facial pheromone

for allomarking

A

F4

49
Q

name the synthetic feline facial pheromone

increases perception that the environme nt is ‘safe’;
antagonistic to urine marking and scratching;
must use in conjunction with environmental modification;
one diffuser per house level

A

synthetic F3
(Feliway Classic)

50
Q

name the synthetic feline pheromone product

synthetic cat appeasing pheromone;
diffuser only;
marketed to reduce tension in a multi-cat household;
useful when social relationships have broken down;
personal safety rather than environmental;
no significant effecr on aggressive and affiliative interactions between cats

A

Feliway Friends

51
Q

name the synthetic feline pheromone product

synthetic pheromone complex;
diffuser only;
marketed to increase both personal/social environmental security;
enhanced binding to vomeronasal receptors;
shown to reduce intensity of scratching, spraying, fear-related behaviour and inter-cat conflict by approx. 70%

A

Feliway Optimum

52
Q

this is the amino acid precursor of serotonin (5-HT);
can cross the BBB

A

L-Tryptophan

53
Q

name 3 ways to increase the availability of L-Tryptophan

A
  1. feeding a low protein diet
  2. Tryptophan supplementation
  3. adding carbohydrate
54
Q

name the nutraceutical

active ingredient: alpha-casozepine;
produced naturally in infants via enzymatic digestion of milk;
affinity for GABA receptors;
no documented adverse effects

A

milk caseins

55
Q

name the nutraceutical

alpha casozepine, L-tryptophan, tyrosine, and anti-oxidants;
marketed for dogs and cats in socially or environmentally stressful situations

A

CALM diet (Royal Canin)

56
Q

what is the most common medical problem causing behavioural problems

A

musculoskeletal pain

57
Q

name 3 reasons to start an analgesia trial;
pain is suspected by clinician but…

A
  1. no apparent lesion on diagnostic imaging
  2. clinical exam of patient challenging
  3. client funds don’t allow diagnostic imaging
58
Q

name 5 signs of distress in cats

A
  1. incr. hiding/sleeping
  2. agoraphobia
  3. decr. interaction
  4. decr. play
  5. change in appetite
59
Q

what is the most common presenting sign of overgrooming in cats

A

ventral alopecia

60
Q

name the inappropriate feline behaviour

normal scent marking behaviour;
sexual or reactional;
tail erect/quivering;
short bursts of urine;
usually low volume and at height;
lack of digging behaviour;
still use litter tray

A

spraying

61
Q

name the 8 common old age related problems in cats

A
  1. incr. Vasodilation
  2. altered Interaction w family
  3. Sleep wake cycle alterations
  4. House soiling
  5. Disorientation
  6. Alterations in activity
  7. Anxiety
  8. Learning/memory deficits

(VISHDAAL)

62
Q

what are the 2 licensed medications for noise fears in dogs?

A
  1. Sileo
  2. Pexion
63
Q

name 3 types of typical signs that make an owner seek help for separation-related behavioural problems

A
  1. destructiveness
  2. vocalisation
  3. elimination
64
Q

name the 2 long term medications licensed for separation anxiety in dogs

A
  1. Fluoxetine (Reconcile)
  2. Clomipramine (Clomicalm)
65
Q

name the type of abnormal repetitive behaviour

innate and invariant behaviour that is expressed in a repetitive and exaggerated manner whithout an apparent goal
e.g. spinning

A

sterotypic behaviour

66
Q

name the type of abnormal repetitive behaviour

repetitive behaviour, excessive, which appears to have a goal
e.g. tail chasing

A

compulsive behaviour

67
Q

name the canine behaviour problem

neurodegenerative disorder of senior dogs and cats that is characterised by increasing brain pathology and gradual cognitive decline

A

cognitive dysfunction syndrome

68
Q

name the 5 signs of cognitive dysfunction syndrome

A

Disorientation
social Interactions
Sleep/wake cycle
House soiling
Activity (may increase or decrease)

(DISHA)

Cat & Dog (19 decks)

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