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step 1 - pharm > toxicities and side effects > Flashcards

toxicities and side effects Flashcards

1
Q

antidote for acetaminophen?

A

NAC

replenishes glutathione

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2
Q

antidote for AChE inhibitors, organophosphates?

A

atropine > pralidoxime

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3
Q

antidote for amphetamines?

A

NH4Cl

acidify urine

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4
Q

antidote for antimuscarinic or anticholinergic agents?

A

physostigmine

control hyperthermia

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5
Q

antidote for BZOs?

A

flumazenil

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6
Q

antidote for CO poisoning?

A

100% O2

hyperbaric O2

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7
Q

antidote for BBs?

A

glucagon

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8
Q

antidote for copper, arsenic, gold?

A

penicillamine

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9
Q

antidote for cyanide?

A

nitrite + thiosulfate, hydoxycobalamin

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10
Q

antidote for dig?

A

anti-dig Fab fragments

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11
Q

antidote for heparin?

A

protamine

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12
Q

antidote for iron?

A

deferoxamine, deferasirox

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13
Q

antidote for lead?

A

EDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine

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14
Q

antidote for mercury, arsenic, gold?

A

dimercaprol (BAL), succimer

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15
Q

antidote for methanol, ethylene glycol?

A

fomepizole > ethanol, dialysis

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16
Q

antidote for methemoglobin?

A

methylene blue, vitamin c

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17
Q

antidote for opioids?

A

naloxone, naltrexone

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18
Q

antidote for salicylates?

A

NaHCO3 - alkalinize urine

dialysis

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19
Q

antidote for TCAs?

A

NaHCO3 - alkalinize plasma

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20
Q

antidote for tPA, streptokinase, urokinase?

A

aminocaproic acid

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21
Q

antidote for warfarin?

A 
vit K (delayed)
FFP (immediate)
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22
Q

what drugs cause coronary vasospasm?

A

cocaine
sumatriptan
ergot alkaloids

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23
Q

what drugs cause cutaneous flushing?

A 
VANC
vanc
adenosine
niacin
CCBs
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24
Q

what drugs cause dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

anthracyclines = doxorubicin, daunorubicin

** prevent with dexrazoxane

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25
Q

what drugs cause torsades?

A

Ia and III antiarrhythmics
macrolide ABx
antipsychotics
TCAs

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26
Q

what drugs cause hyperglycemia?

A

Taking Pills Necessitates Having (blood) Checked

tacrolimus
protease inhibitors
niacin
HCTZ
corticosteroids
27
Q

what drugs cause hypothyroidism?

A

lithium
amio
sulfonamides

28
Q

what drugs cause acute cholestatic hepatitis?

A

erythromycin

29
Q

what drugs cause diarrhea?

A 
metformin
erythromycin
colchicine
orlistate
acarbose
30
Q

what drugs case hepatic necrosis?

A

halothane
amanita phalloides (blocks RNA pol II)
VPA
acetaminophen

31
Q

what drugs cause hepatitis?

A 
rifampin
INH
pyrazinamide
statins
fibrates
32
Q

what drugs cause pancreatitis?

A

Drugs Causing A Violent Abdominal Distress

didanosine
corticosteroids
alcohol
VPA
azathioprine
diuretics
33
Q

what drugs cause pseudomembranous colitis?

A

clinda
amp
cephalosporins

34
Q

what drugs cause agranulocytosis?

A 
ganciclovir
clozapine
carbamazepine
colchicine
methimazole
PTU
35
Q

what drugs cause aplastic anemia?

A 
carbamazepine
methimazole
NSAIDs
benzene
chloramphenicol
PTU
36
Q

what drugs cause direct coombs+ hemolytic anemia?

A

methyldopa

PCN

37
Q

what drugs cause grey baby syndrome?

A

chloramphenicol

38
Q

what drugs cause G6PD hemolysis?

A 
INH
sulfonamides
dapsone
primaquine
aspirin
ibuprofen
nitrofurantoin
39
Q

what drugs cause megaloblastic anemia?

A

phenytoin
methotrexate
sulfa drugs

40
Q

what drugs cause fat redistribution?

A

Fat PiG!

protease inhibitors
glucocorticoids

41
Q

what drugs cause gingival hyperplasia?

A

phenytoin
CCBs
cyclosporine

42
Q

what drugs cause hyperuricemia?

A 
pyrazinamide
thiazides
furosemide
niacin
cyclosporine
43
Q

what drugs cause myopathy?

A 
fibrates
niacin
statins
colchicine
hydroxychloroquine
IFN-a
penicillamine
glucocorticoids
44
Q

what drugs cause osteoporosis?

A

glucocorticoids

heparin

45
Q

what drugs cause photosensitivity?

A

SAT For Photo

sulfonamides
amiodarone
tetracyclines
5-FU

46
Q

what drugs cause SJS?

A

anti-epileptics (esp lamictal)
allopurinol
sulfa drugs
PCN

47
Q

what drugs cause drug-induced lupus?

A 
sulfa
hydralazine
INH
procainamide
phenytoin
etanercept
48
Q

what drugs cause cinchonism?

A

(tinnitus, HA, confusion)
quinidine
quinine

49
Q

what drugs cause parkinson-like syndrome?

A

antipsychotics
reserpine
metoclopramide

50
Q

what drugs cause seizures?

A

INH (via B6 deficiency)
bupropion
imipenem/cilastin
enflurane

51
Q

what drugs cause tardive dyskinesia?

A

antipsychotics

metoclopramide

52
Q

what drugs cause DI?

A

lithium

demeclocycline

53
Q

what drugs cause Fanconi syndrome?

A

expired tetracycline

54
Q

what drugs cause hemorrhagic cystitis?

A

cyclophosphamide
ifosfamide

** prevent by coadmin with MESNA

55
Q

what drugs cause interstitial nephritis?

A

methicillin
NSAIDs
lasix

56
Q

what drugs cause SIADH?

A

carbamazepine
cyclophosphamide
SSRIs

57
Q

what drugs cause pulmonary fibrosis?

A

bleomycin
amiodaraone
busulfan
methotrexate

58
Q

what drugs cause disulfiram-like rxn?

A 
mteronidazole
some cephalosporins
griseofulvin
procarbazines
1st gen sulfonylureas
59
Q

what drugs cause nephrotoxicity or ototoxicity?

A

AGs
vanc
loop diurects
cisplatin (try amifostine if cisplatin tox)

60
Q

CYP450 inducers?

A 
chronic alcohol
St John's wort
phenytoin
phenobarbital
nevirapine
rifampin
griseofulvin
carbamazepine
61
Q

CYP450 substrates?

A

anti-epileptics
theophylline
warfarin
OCPs

62
Q

CYP450 inhibitors?

A 
acute alcohol
ritonavir
amiodarone
cimetidine
ketoconazole
sulfonamides
INH
grapefruit juice
quinidine
macrolides (NOT azithro)
63
Q

what are the sulfa drugs?

A 
probenecid
lasix
acetazolamide
celecoxib
thiazides
sulfonamides
sulfasalazine
sulfonylureas

step 1 - pharm (13 decks)

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