pulm Flashcards
1st gen h1 blockers?
e.g. diphenhydramine
used in allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid
** tox: sedation, antimuscarinic, anti-alpha-adrenergic
2nd gen h1 blockers?
e.g. loratadine
used in allergy
** tox: decreased CNS entry –> less sedating than 1st gen
expectorants?
guaifenisin (thins resp secretions)
NAC (mucolytic - disrupts disulfide bonds)
dextromethorphan?
antitussive - antagonizes NMDA glutamate rcptrs
codeine analog
mild opioid effect, mild abuse potential - naloxone for OD
** may cause serotonin syndrome
pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine?
alpha agonists
use: reduce hyperemia/edema/nasal congestion, open obstructed eustachian tubes
** tox: HTN; pseudoephedrine - CNS stimulation, anxiety (think meth!)
endothelin receptor antagonists?
e.g. bosentan
competitive antag of endothelin-1 rcptr –> decreased pulm vascular resistance
use in PHTN
** hepatotoxic
PDE5 inhibitors?
e.g. sildenafil
inhibit cGMP PDE5 - prolong NO vasodil effect
used in PHTN (and ED)
prostacyclin analogs?
e.g. epoprostenol, iloprost
PGI2 –> direct vasodil on pulm and systemic aa; inhib of platelet aggregation
** SEs: flushing, jaw pain
adverse effects of salmeterol, formoterol?
tremor
arrhythmia
montelukast, zaifrlukast?
anti-leukotrienes - block CysLT1 receptor
** very good for aspirin-induced asthma
zileuton
anti-leukotriene - inhibits 5-lipooxygenase pathway (conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotriene)
** hepatotoxic
omalizumab?
monoclonal anti-IgE - binds unbound serum IgE, blocks binding to FcERI
** used in allergic asthma resistant to steroids and LABAs
theophylline?
inhibits PDE –> increased cAMP –> bronchodilation
narrow therapeutic index
metabolized by CYP450
blocks adenosine action
methacholine?
M3 agonist
used in bronchial challenge test - asthma dx
